One of the most important components of the tourism infrastructure is the sphere Catering. The physiological need of a tourist for food is satisfied by public catering establishments. They differ in a variety of forms. The tourist food industry includes restaurants, cafes, bars, etc. By analogy with tourist accommodation facilities, food establishments are classified depending on the culture and quality of service, as well as the cuisine and the range of dishes offered, the number of seats, the mode of operation, the form of customer service and etc.

Restaurants are very popular with tourists. They are divided into two large groups:

• SH classic
• Sh fast service.

A classic restaurant is, one might say, a work of art. As a rule, it is unique, conducive to long-term communication with a partner, to aesthetic enjoyment of the interior and is very expensive.

The most important sign of first-class restaurants is the desire for individuality. Their appearance is complemented by luxurious interior decoration and exquisite cuisine.

Fast food restaurants form another group of public catering enterprises. In our dynamic time, they have become widespread.

In tourism practice, food is usually associated with accommodation. Its cost, along with accommodation, is included in the hotel rate. A tourist can choose a room in a complex with three meals a day, two meals a day and one meal a day.

The forms of service in restaurants in Mexico are also different.

Many tourists go on special gastronomic and drinking tours to get acquainted with national cuisine different countries.

Ethnographic restaurants and cafes are very popular with tourists.

Mexico is a wonderful country for a holiday. The modern catering industry in Mexico is one of the most important sectors of the country's economy. Mexico is an interesting country with exotic cuisine, where the mixture of taste and smell gives a unique result, and you can also admire the art of Mexican chefs.

The hallmark of Mexican cuisine is the hot chili pepper - there are more than 80 types of it here.

Of alcoholic beverages, the real glory of the country was brought by "tequila" (produced by double distillation of the juice of the blue agave core), which has more than 300 types (four types are officially approved - Blanco, Joven, Reposado and Anejo)

Mexico has many amazing restaurants, bars, cafes (about 5343).

Location of restaurants, bars and cafes by year in Mexico

Figure 6. Restaurants in Mexico

Most a large number of restaurants, bars (1200) located in Cancun in the hotel zone (Hotel Zone). The restaurants present national cuisines of all regions of the planet, all countries and peoples.

Most famous restaurants Cancun are: Сapitain s Cove.Crab House (Crab House / House of Crabs), 100% Natural, Lorenzillo s, La Destileria, Rio Churrascaria

The most famous cafes in Cancun: Cafe "The Surfin Burrito", Trattoria, La Veneziana Da Bertilla, La Tranquita.

The physiological need of t-that for food satisfies the pp of public catering. They differ in a variety of forms. The tourism food industry includes: restaurants, cafes, bars, canteens, snack bars.

The classification of pp nutrition is carried out according to many criteria:

¨ On the basis of the connectedness of management, there are pp, combined in a chain, and working independently. The largest restaurant chains in the US include McDonald's (number 9460), Burger King.

¨ Depending on the range, there are complex, universal, specialized software.

¨ Depending on the contingent served, PPs can work with a permanent contingent (such a catering PP is located at a hotel, sanatorium), with a variable contingent (city restaurant).

¨ Depending on the method of service, there are points in which consumers are served by waiters; pp self-service, pp mixed service.

Catering services also differ in terms of the completeness of the technological cycle, the volume and nature of services, the type of food, the mode of operation, the operating time, and other features.

By analogy with tourist accommodation, catering facilities are classified depending on the culture and quality of service, as well as the cuisine and the range of dishes offered, the number of seats, working hours, and the form of customer service.

Restaurants are very popular with tourists. They are divided into 2 large groups: classic and fast service.

Classic. The most important feature of first-class restaurants is the desire for individuality. Their unique appearance is complemented by luxurious interior decoration and exquisite cuisine.

fast service. Widespread in our dynamic time. Ancestor fast way Satisfaction of the most pleasant physiological needs of a person was the United States, where back in 1634 one of the first taverns opened in Boston, offering a wide selection of ready-made dishes.

In international tour practice, food is usually associated with accommodation. Its cost, along with accommodation, is included in the hotel rate. A tourist can choose a room in a complex with three meals a day, 2 meals a day or one meal a day. Many hotels operate according to the European plan. It is a hotel rate determined on the basis of the cost of accommodation, excluding meals, cuisine and ordered dishes.

There are also differences in the form of service: the client's free choice of dishes from the menu offered by the restaurant, service according to a single menu for all clients without the right to choose dishes, "Buffet" - a free choice of dishes on the common table and self-service.

For the entertainment of visitors, comfortable food stations invite musicians and artists. On the balance sheet of PP can be listed: shops, subsidiary plots.

Many travelers go on special gastronomic and drinking tours to get acquainted with the national cuisine of different countries. During such trips, they become familiar with local customs, often becoming participants in folklore festivities (a stay in Germany and the Czech Republic, for example, rarely goes without visiting pubs).

Ethnographic restaurants and cafes are very popular with tourists. Their national identity is manifested both in the interior, and in the clothes of the waiters, and in the repertoire of the orchestra, and in the range of dishes and drinks offered. In addition to the national, pp nutrition m.b. designed in any other style: from the use of banking attributes to windmills.

Nutrition is a natural need of any person. In addition to the usual and inalienable need, food in tourism is also considered as an important element of entertainment and knowledge of local culture. National cuisine is an important element of the culture of the people, bears clear distinctive features, represents an element of knowledge and a way of obtaining pleasure.

Catering services include services for the production of culinary products and conditions for their sale and consumption in accordance with the type and class of the enterprise and are divided into catering services: restaurant, bar, cafe, canteen, snack bar.

A restaurant: Production, sale and organization of consumption of a wide range of dishes and products complex cooking all major groups from various products and wine and vodka products. Services are provided by qualified production and maintenance personnel in conditions of an increased level of comfort and material and technical equipment, combined with leisure activities.

Bar: production and sale of a wide range of mixed, strong alcoholic, low alcohol and soft drinks, snacks, desserts, flour confectionery and bakery products, purchased goods; creating conditions for their consumption at the bar or in the hall.

Cafe: production and sale of a diverse range of dishes, products and drinks in a limited assortment compared to a restaurant and taking into account specialization; creation of conditions for their consumption.

Canteen: production of culinary products varied by day of the week or complete food rations (breakfasts, lunches, dinners) for various groups of the served contingent (workers, schoolchildren, tourists, etc.); creation of conditions for their consumption.

diner: production of a limited range of dishes easy cooking from a certain type of raw material; creation of conditions for its realization and consumption.

The public catering system is formed by restaurants of various classes, bars, cafes and canteens, fast food that meet the needs of visitors to a tourist center or region. The type of food is always indicated in the composition of tourist services: breakfast, half board, full board.

Full board (full board - F / B): 3 meals a day (breakfast, lunch and dinner);

Half board (half board - H / B): 2 meals a day (breakfast + lunch or breakfast + dinner);

Only breakfast (bed and breakfast - B / B).

Expensive service options may include the possibility of food and drinks (including spirits) all day and even night at any time and in any quantity.

Density gradations (by quantity) and often calorie content of the food provided are also determined. There are also differences in the form of service:

Service "a la carte", i.e. free choice by the client of dishes from the menu offered by the restaurant. It is usually used when serving individual tourists; table d'hôte service, i.e. on a single menu for all customers without the right to choose dishes. In most cases, it is used when catering for tour groups;

- "buffet", i.e. free choice of dishes on the common table and self-service.

The cost of food included in the price of the package decreases from the first to the third point.

In the general case, it is accepted that a tourist must certainly take a light meal in the morning, that is, breakfast. Therefore, usually most hotels have food outlets or restaurants and provide a service that is considered such an integral part of hospitality services that it is often simply included in the cost of accommodation (bed and breakfast). The indicator of the availability of seats in the restaurant at the hotel is very significant. It is best if this number corresponds to the number of places for a full load of the room stock.

With regard to breakfast, it would be best if the tourist does not leave the hotels, although there are accommodation facilities where meals are not provided, and tourists are advised to eat at the nearest restaurant. But in this case, the cost of accommodation services drops sharply.

Food is not only the need of every person, but is also considered by tourists as entertainment and pleasure. The nutrition of different peoples and even localities has peculiar features. In addition, it is good to treat a welcome guest - a pleasant tradition, characteristic of almost all nations. For many tourists, national cuisine is a very entertaining element of the tour. There are also special gourmet tours, the basis of which is a systematic visit to various restaurants of national cuisine, the study of the principles of gastronomy and the preparation of special dishes, food tasting, visits to wine, breweries and sausage factories, etc. In exceptional cases of a busy excursion program, the daily ration is given to tourists in dry rations . In hot countries, tourists are provided with a significant amount of drinking water.

Catering should also take into account medical aspects. Improper nutrition, poorly cooked (without following the rules) food can lead to poisoning. There, up to 60% of tourists suffer from diarrhea when visiting Egypt and India. And especially dangerous drinking water and food from the hands on the street from small traders, as well as in low-class restaurants. It should also take into account the generally accepted restrictions for certain groups of tourists on regional grounds (they do not eat pork, fasting), the special requirements of vegetarians, children food. Tourists must specify these features in the food requirements when purchasing a tour. If it is impossible to perform, they should refuse the tour.

In such an important segment of the tourism industry as catering, there are also pros and cons. The development of domestic entrepreneurship had a positive impact in the field of public catering. In recent years, many small enterprises of various levels have been opened to meet the demand for catering services, as well as catering services. Western restaurant chains began to play a significant role, introducing modern technologies replicated through the franchising system. Speaking about companies specializing in catering, it should be noted that the opening of more than 100 branded restaurants in Russia by the beginning of 2005 can serve as an indicator of the success of the distribution of standard services by McDonald's. The total investment is about 300 million dollars, and tax payments to the federal and local budgets exceed 350 billion rubles. The restaurant on Pushkinskaya Square in Moscow is recognized as the most visited in the world: on average, it serves about 40,000 visitors daily. not only Western, but also domestic consumers, which has a beneficial effect on local restaurant chains such as the franchised Rosinter Restaurant with the network Patio Pizza, Rostiks, Fridays, etc. This largely contributes to the equalization of prices in domestic local networks such as Russian Bistro, etc. Russian restaurants of traditional tourist centers in Moscow and St. Petersburg are not inferior to the leading gastronomic capitals of the world in terms of service level, quality and variety of cuisine. However, the vast majority of public catering enterprises are not able to serve customers with credit cards, which negatively affects the level of generation of the taxable base. Close to the food industry is such an element of the tourism industry as attractions. Apart from gambling enterprises, as well as individual sports grounds for elite sports (tennis, golf, horseback riding), large mass facilities modern industry entertainment (water parks, theme parks and others) - almost none have been created in Russia, and there are no prerequisites for their creation, mainly due to lack of investment. The industry of culture and recreation parks has been destroyed and is in an unsatisfactory state. In the system of tourism education (or culture) there are no professions of animators (tour entertainment managers) yet.

Catering is a combination of production, sales and customer service processes in a hotel catering establishment.

A restaurant

diner

Canteen

Food types:

B/b bed and breakfast - breakfast

H/b half-board - half board

F / b full board - full board

AI all inclusive - all inclusive (excluding drinks)

UAI ultra all inclusive - all inclusive with local drinks

Excellent all inclusive - all inclusive with all drinks

All inclusive types are not open 24/7

The goal of public catering is to fully satisfy the needs of the population in nutrition at the place of work, study and in other conditions outside the home by improving the production and organization of consumption of culinary products on a scientific and technical basis in order to achieve a qualitatively new level of people's well-being. Today, the catering market is a mixture of various formats and directions that are designed for the most diverse target audiences of consumers. The food industry is...

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food industry

Along with transport, food services are the backbone in tourism, with the help of which the physiological need of tourists for food is satisfied. The tourism industry is characterized by such types of catering establishments as a restaurant, cafe, bar, etc.

When catering for tourists, various service methods are used: "a la carte", "a part", "table d'hôte" and a buffet. When using the "a la carte" method, guests from the card - the menu of dishes and drinks choose what they like best. The order is transferred to the kitchen and cooking begins immediately.

"A part." With this method of service, guests, having previously made an order, are served at a set period of time. Very common in holiday homes and resort hotels. "Table d'hot". Guests are served at the same time and on the same menu.

The buffet offers a wide selection of dishes with free access: you can take anything you want in the quantity you want from what is offered and displayed. Also, tourists are offered meals in the room, service on the floor, mini-bars, etc. Tourists are provided with meals not only at the places of stay, but also during the journey by air, water and rail transport.

All services provided by the food industry are divided by their nature into material and household and cultural services.

Material and household services are associated with:

sale of dishes, drinks, culinary and confectionery products;

· delivery of production according to orders of consumers;

Serving and serving meals

collection of used dishes and their washing.

Cultural services:

·musical programms;

· holding concerts;

organization of evening meetings.

The idea of ​​the food industry will be incomplete if we ignore the important direction of its work, as the organization of cultural leisure for tourists. The catering company not only performs its direct function of preparing dishes, drinks and serving visitors, but also provides an opportunity to have fun and get vivid and unforgettable impressions.

Especially popular with tourists are drinking and gastronomic tours acquainting with the national cuisine of different countries. During such trips, tourists become familiar with local customs and often become participants in various folklore festivities.

Nutrition is a service associated not only with the satisfaction of a person's biological need for food, but also with the satisfaction of the need for entertainment, knowledge of local culture and enjoyment.

Entertainment industry

One of the purposes of human travel is entertainment. Having received an overnight stay and meals, the tourist wants to have fun and relax. The ancient Roman thesis of "Bread and circuses" was and remains relevant to this day. Entertainment is not only fun and pleasure, but also a global industry. Entertainment is one of the main motives for tourism, no trip is complete without them. People go on a journey for new experiences, positive emotions and thrills. The entertainment industry includes enterprises whose main activity is related to satisfying human needs for entertainment: circuses, zoos, game libraries, attractions, amusement parks, etc. A variety of entertainment enterprises, including fixed and mobile theaters, cinemas, art studios, concert organizations and groups also provide entertainment processes.

Fig.1.2.2

The entertainment industry plays a role in tourism. Since, as it turned out, almost all components of tourism are in contact with entertainment, both the hotel industry and the food industry. The entertainment industry not only relaxes and relieves people of stress, but it also solves the problem of educating and shaping the optimistic mood of people.

For example, with the help of the theme park, which is the center family vacation and entertainment. In order to unite people of different ages and attract the adult population, the topic should be not only entertaining, but also informational and educational. Among the main secrets of the success of theme parks is the use of high technology.

We come to the conclusion that the entire structure of the tourism industry has a number of complexes in this business, namely, firstly, passenger transport with its extensive network of technical services. Secondly, various specialized tourism enterprises and enterprises of industries that do not have a pronounced tourist character, and thirdly, a wide range of services used by tourists. If at least one of these complexes is not located on high level the tourist's journey will fail.