One of the most important components of the tourism infrastructure is the catering sector. The physiological need of a tourist for food is satisfied by public catering establishments. They differ in a variety of forms. The tourist food industry includes restaurants, cafes, bars, etc. By analogy with tourist accommodation facilities, food establishments are classified depending on the culture and quality of service, as well as the cuisine and the range of dishes offered, the number of seats, the mode of operation, the form of customer service and etc.

Restaurants are very popular with tourists. They are divided into two large groups:

• SH classic
• Sh fast service.

A classic restaurant is, one might say, a work of art. As a rule, it is unique, conducive to long-term communication with a partner, to aesthetic enjoyment of the interior and is very expensive.

The most important sign of first-class restaurants is the desire for individuality. Their appearance is complemented by luxurious interior decoration and exquisite cuisine.

Fast food restaurants form another group of public catering enterprises. In our dynamic time, they have become widespread.

In tourism practice, food is usually associated with accommodation. Its cost, along with accommodation, is included in the hotel rate. A tourist can choose a room in a complex with three meals a day, two meals a day and one meal a day.

The forms of service in restaurants in Mexico are also different.

Many tourists go on special gastronomic and drinking tours to get acquainted with the national cuisine of different countries.

Ethnographic restaurants and cafes are very popular with tourists.

Mexico is a wonderful country for a holiday. The modern catering industry in Mexico is one of the most important sectors of the country's economy. Mexico is an interesting country with exotic cuisine, where the mixture of taste and smell gives a unique result, and you can also admire the art of Mexican chefs.

The hallmark of Mexican cuisine is the hot chili pepper - there are more than 80 types of it here.

Of alcoholic beverages, the real glory of the country was brought by "tequila" (produced by double distillation of the juice of the blue agave core), which has more than 300 types (four types are officially approved - Blanco, Joven, Reposado and Anejo)

Mexico has many amazing restaurants, bars, cafes (about 5343).

Location of restaurants, bars and cafes by year in Mexico

Figure 6. Restaurants in Mexico

Most a large number of restaurants, bars (1200) located in Cancun in the hotel zone (Hotel Zone). The restaurants present national cuisines of all regions of the planet, all countries and peoples.

Most famous restaurants Cancun are: Сapitain s Cove.Crab House (Crab House / House of Crabs), 100% Natural, Lorenzillo s, La Destileria, Rio Churrascaria

The most famous cafes in Cancun: Cafe "The Surfin Burrito", Trattoria, La Veneziana Da Bertilla, La Tranquita.

In such an important segment of the tourism industry as catering, there are also pros and cons. The development of domestic entrepreneurship had a positive impact in the field of public catering. In recent years, many small enterprises of various levels have been opened to meet the demand for catering services, as well as catering services. Western restaurant chains began to play a significant role, introducing modern technologies replicated through the franchising system. Speaking about companies specializing in catering, it should be noted that the opening of more than 100 branded restaurants in Russia by the beginning of 2005 can serve as an indicator of the success of the distribution of standard services by McDonald's. The total investment is about 300 million dollars, and tax payments to the federal and local budgets exceed 350 billion rubles. The restaurant on Pushkinskaya Square in Moscow is recognized as the most visited in the world: on average, it serves about 40,000 visitors daily. not only Western, but also domestic consumers, which has a beneficial effect on local restaurant chains such as the franchised Rosinter Restaurant with the network Patio Pizza, Rostiks, Fridays, etc. This largely contributes to the equalization of prices in domestic local networks such as Russian Bistro, etc. Russian restaurants of traditional tourist centers in Moscow and St. Petersburg are not inferior to the leading gastronomic capitals of the world in terms of service level, quality and variety of cuisine. However, the vast majority of public catering enterprises are not able to serve customers with credit cards, which negatively affects the level of generation of the taxable base. Close to the food industry is such an element of the tourism industry as attractions. Not counting gambling enterprises, as well as individual sports grounds for elite sports (tennis, golf, horseback riding), large mass facilities of the modern entertainment industry (water parks, theme parks, etc.) - there are almost no created in Russia, and the prerequisites for their creation No, mainly due to lack of investment. The industry of culture and recreation parks has been destroyed and is in an unsatisfactory state. In the system of tourism education (or culture) there are no professions of animators (tour entertainment managers) yet.

Catering is a combination of production, sales and customer service processes in a hotel catering establishment.

Restaurant

diner

Dining room

Food types:

B/b bed and breakfast - breakfast

H/b half-board - half board

F / b full board - full board

AI all inclusive - all inclusive (excluding drinks)

UAI ultra all inclusive - all inclusive with local drinks

Excellent all inclusive - all inclusive with all drinks

All inclusive types are not open 24/7

In modern conditions, the food industry is one of the most developing sectors of the economy, due to the growth in the standard of living of the population, as a result of which there is an increase in the number of domestic restaurants.

For example, 11 millionaire cities in Russia with a total population of 25 million people account for about 27,000 commercial-type catering establishments (this statistics does not include social catering establishments), which is reflected in table 1..

Number of catering establishments in million-plus cities compared to world capitals

A place	City	Population, people (01.01.2008)	Number of catering establishments	Number of people per catering company
1.	Moscow	10 470 000	9300	1125
2.	St. Petersburg	4 568 000	6400	713
3.	Novosibirsk	1 391 000	1300	1070
4.	Ekaterinburg	1 358 000	1600	850
5.	Nizhny Novgorod	1 275 000	1500	850
6.	Samara	1 135 000	1200	945
7.	Omsk	1 129 000	1300	870
8.	Kazan	1 120 000	1200	930
9.	Chelyabinsk	1 091 000	1000	1090
10.	Rostov-on-Don	1 049 000	1400	750
11.	Ufa	1 022 000	1200	850
12.	Paris	11 600 000	35000	330
13.	Los Angeles	3 670 000	25000	146
14. 1	New York	8 100 000	20000	405

* - figures in the table are rounded.

From the point of view of the main indicators, the market is developing quite evenly, the expenses of Russians for food "out of the house" are steadily growing (according to RBC research, over the past six months, Russians' spending on this type of leisure has been from 3 to 11% of all consumer spending). Thus, after the end of the economic crisis, the potential of increasing the market up to 300-500% can be realized in large cities of Russia.

The further development of the public catering industry in Russia is directly dependent on the general economic indicators and the solvency of service consumers. It should be noted that the incomes of the population are increasing, visiting cafes, bars and restaurants is becoming more and more part of the culture of Russians, the quality of service is improving, and offers are becoming more diverse. In addition, restaurants of various price categories are being opened, oriented to European standards, the general professional level of staff training is growing, the quality of products used in catering establishments is improving, the quality of dishes sold and the quality of service are improving. Thus, the restaurant services market is at a new stage of its development, when visiting restaurants and cafes ceases to be something exotic, gradually becoming part of the everyday life of many people.

At present, it is not possible to give a clear classification of public catering enterprises, since there are many approaches to this issue in the scientific and journalistic literature. Traditionally, the catering market is usually divided into three price segments:

fast-food (fast food or fast food restaurants, which in English means “fast food”), is a commercial structure that develops on the basis of franchising and specializes in the preparation of standard dishes from semi-finished products intended for immediate sale through the counter or automatic distribution;

Fast casual (mid-range restaurants), affordable casual dining establishments, free-flow “free floor” restaurants;

· fine dining, (restaurants of "high cuisine", expensive gastronomic restaurants, restaurants of author's cuisine).

It should be noted that fast-food is the most developing branch of the restaurant market. According to the Department of the Consumer Market of Services, only in Moscow, there are about 9 thousand fast food establishments for 500 thousand seats. In 2010, according to the Ready Business Store, the number of fast food establishments in Moscow 55 points, and the number of cafes - by 35-40 units. Payback periods have increased in all segments. Now the return on investment rarely exceeds 60% per annum, 40% can be considered a normal indicator. The most growing segment is democratic restaurants (average bill - up to $30). This segment increased its volume by almost 40%, while premium-class establishments, on the contrary, showed growth not exceeding 10%.

Fast-food segment enterprises mainly develop according to the franchising scheme (from English franchising - privilege), which is considered one of the most effective forms of business development and expansion. For example, in the USA, a new franchise point is created every 8 hours. According to Opportunity Bulletin's catalog of franchising offers, there are 75,000 franchise outlets in the United States, with an average of 230 franchise outlets per franchisor. And the data of the US Small Business Association show that among the newly opened small businesses, 85% cease to exist in 5 years, while only 16% of small businesses doing business in franchising are closed.

For example, the most recognizable and widely represented in the fast-food segment is undoubtedly the world leader McDonald's, with wide fame, high standards of service and love for children. Today there are about 29 thousand restaurants of this network in the world, of which 85% are franchised. In 2004, the company had sales of $19 billion, with sales net profit in 2.3 billion dollars, in 2005 the company's revenue was 20.5 billion dollars, with a net profit of 2.6 billion dollars. The market capitalization for February 2006 was about 45.3 billion dollars According to the results of 2008, the corporation's net profit amounted to 4.313 billion dollars. In 2009, the corporation's revenue decreased by 3% to 22.744 billion dollars from 23.522 billion dollars a year earlier, and the net profit of McDonald's Corporation amounted to 4.551 billion dollars, due to the fourth quarter of 2009, in this period, sales of McDonald's restaurants in the world increased by 5% - to 4.03 billion dollars from 3.855 billion dollars. According to the head of the corporation, Jim Skinner , every day in 2009, McDonald's restaurants in the world served 60 million visitors, which is 2 million more than in 2008.

In Russia, McDonald's is a closed joint stock company "Moscow-McDonald's" owned by joint ventures with an American company, the founders of which are "McDonald's Restaurants of Canada Limited" and "Mosrestoranservis" under the Government of Moscow. There are currently 56 McDonald's restaurants in Moscow and 195 in thirty-one Russian cities. Seven McDonald's restaurants in Russia are among the top twenty restaurants in the world with the most big amount orders. Although McDonald's is the first franchisor in Russia, franchises to open a business are not being sold, as the company's management said that Russians are not yet ready to work according to McDonald's franchising standards. In this regard, partners in McDonald's are subject to strict financial requirements. However, the corporation's long-term plans include the start of franchise sales in Russia. Starting from 2010 to 2012, McDonald's, the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, plans to invest about $135 million in Russia with the annual opening of 40-45 restaurants. This is a general part of the strategy to invest $1.2 billion in development of McDonald's in Europe, where the company has over 6.6 thousand establishments and plans to open about 250 restaurants in 2010 .. In turn, the cost of opening one restaurant is about 1-2 million dollars.

The main competitor of McDonald's in Russia, in the fast-food segment, is the Rostik's restaurant chain, owned by the RosInter company, which since 1998 the company has been successfully developing a franchising system. First of all, the company offers franchising for the Rostik's restaurant chain, since these restaurants are easier to replicate and they get out of crisis situations with minimal losses. According to average indicators, the Rostik's restaurant pays off in 1.5–2.5 years. At the same time, the company's pricing policy is the same for all Rostik's restaurants, and after the opening of the restaurant, the user, during the entire term of the contract, is obliged to pay a monthly license fee of 7% of the revenue (excluding sales tax). To minimize costs, part of the products and semi-finished products are supplied centrally to all restaurants from the company's kitchen factory. In addition to support in choosing the location of the restaurant, its construction, equipment, the partner receives a description of the standards of cooking and customer service that must be observed, in addition, RosInter helps the franchisee obtain a loan under an agreement with the Small Business Lending Bank (Moscow).

I would like to mention one more representative who implemented the concept of franchising in Russia - this is Baskin Robbins, whose main product is ice cream. This company has offices in 54 countries, opening about 4,400 cafes and running a franchise business. In Russia, the first cafe Baskin Robbins began to operate in 1988. Today in Russia and the CIS countries there are about 90 ice cream parlors operating under this brand. It should be noted that in the regions, relations between the franchisor and the franchisee are based on the conclusion of 5-year agreements on granting exclusive rights to develop a certain territory with a clear indication of the number of cafes that need to be opened here. Baskin Robbins franchisees receive a traditional set of services: corporate discounts on the purchase of equipment and goods, training opportunities, the right to use the trademark and corporate identity. The investment to open a Baskin Robbins cafe can range from $70,000 to $150,000, depending on the area of ​​the premises, the necessary renovation and construction work, and equipment costs.

However, the development of existing and the opening of new fast-food enterprises is associated with the existence of numerous networks of mobile “tonar” trailers such as “Baby Potato”, “Steff”, “Folk Cuisine”, “Plantain”, “Stardog's”, “Pirozhki from the oven”, “Russian pancakes”, “E.V. Pirogov and S.A. Karavaev", "Glutton" and many others, combining quick preparation of the product and extremely low prices. The capital has especially succeeded in this, where there are fast-food enterprises of almost any direction. Today, this market is approximately estimated at 30,000 mobile fast food cafes, of which about 3,000 belong to various chains. In addition, there are various pancake, dumplings, patties, grilled chicken, hamburgers and others based on mobile cafes or stationary cafes. Indeed, “wheeled” fast-food is more of a network product, as evidenced by the appearance on the Moscow market of a large number of dynamically developing restaurant chains that have been operating quite successfully for about 20 years. For example, "Stop-Top" (Steff) began its activity in 1993, "Baby Potato" since 1997, "Teremok" since 1998, "Glutton" since 2000, "E.V. Pirogov and S.A. Karavaev" since 1998, "Pies from the oven" since 1999, "Yum-Nyam" since 1999. The daily turnover of one such "mobile" point per day is 200-500 dollars, and the daily the revenue of a stationary establishment of this network averages about $3,000. However, a number of experts suggest that in Moscow, over time, the individual "wheeled" fast-food will be replaced by network companies. Catering enterprises, which initially organized their activities as "wheel" fast-food, today add stationary restaurants to their activities, opened on the basis of existing "wheel" chains. For example, stationary restaurants "Stop-Top (Steff)", "Kroshka Potato", "Russian Bistro" and others appeared. At the same time, according to experts, the demand for fast food restaurants in Russia today is much higher than the supply. In this regard, the five largest players in the Russian fast-food market McDonald's, RosInter, Lunch, UNTD and Melenka announced the formation of a strategic alliance for cooperation with the owners of shopping and shopping and entertainment complexes, on the territory of which it is planned to create food courts "restaurant courtyards". The purpose of this association of fast-food enterprises is to reduce intense competition. In addition, by joint efforts they intend to improve the terms of the lease. This is due to the emerging entertainment industry, the construction of new shopping malls, along with which fast food enterprises are developing.

Despite the rapid development of fast-food enterprises, casual dining enterprises still occupy a strong position in the food industry. The situation in the niche of restaurants in the middle price segment of casual dining has developed in such a way that this niche in Russia is not only not overpopulated, but also not fully formed, obviously, only that the threshold for entering it is getting higher every day, and the ongoing inside the processes are more interesting.

In addition, recently, not only stationary restaurants of “wheeled” fast food, but famous restaurateurs who previously specialized in “premium class” restaurants began to operate in this segment: for example, the chain of restaurants “Yelki-Palki” by Arkady Novikov and restaurants “ Mu-Mu" by Andrey Dellos. However, the dominant player in this segment, as well as in the fast-food segment, are RosInter Restaurants and such replicated chains as TGI Fridays, American Bar & Grill, Planeta Sushi, Patio-Pizza. As of December 31, 2009, the RosInter holding includes 350 restaurants, including 255 corporate restaurants, as well as 17 Costa Coffee coffee houses under a joint venture with Whitbread Plc, and the business geography has expanded to 39 cities in 9 countries around the world.

It is noteworthy that RosInter has been operating in the market since 1990, having invested more than $40 million in the development of the restaurant business. In 2001, the company's turnover exceeded $55 million. Since 2005, the holding has been implementing a plan to create a network of new restaurants of different concepts and directions in the regions of Russia, the CIS and Europe. Development results for 2008 showed that the network grew by 45.3%, the number of restaurants managed by the company increased by 105 restaurants. The total number of establishments at the end of 2007 was 232 restaurants (of which 63 were franchised), and in 2008 the number was 337 restaurants (including 74 franchised). In addition, the joint venture between RosInter and Whitbread Plc, which manages the Costa Coffe brand, as of December 31, 2008, opened 12 coffee houses, 9 of them in Moscow and 3 in St. Petersburg Pulkovo Airport. Also in 2008, restaurants were opened in eight new cities and Poland. Total consolidated revenue for 12M 2008 was $343.4 million compared to $268.2 million in 2007. Thus, revenue increased by 28.0%. In turn, the key development results for the 4th quarter of 2008 show that the RosInter network has increased by 41 restaurants and 4 Costa Coffee coffee shops. Revenue for the period increased by 5.1% (in USD) to USD 86.8 million compared to USD 82.5 million in 4Q 2007. SSSG (Same Store Sales Growth or Like-for-Like) increased by 3.2% in local currencies and decreased by 6.8% in US dollars (as a result of the devaluation of the ruble against the US dollar). At the end of 2009, the company's consolidated revenue increased by 0.7% in ruble terms and amounted to 8.534 million rubles. In the same period, SSSG like-for-like revenue decreased by 16.1%, including a 0.3% decline in average check. During 2009, the holding's franchise network increased by 28.4%. In the first quarter of this year, the largest Russian restaurant chain RosInter received 30 million rubles. net profit under IFRS compared to 175 million rubles. loss of the previous year. At the same time, the net proceeds of the holding for the first 3 months of the year increased by 13% - up to 2.2 billion rubles. Laurie Deitner, President and CEO of the company, commented on the development of the restaurant chain in the following way: low, medium and high check. In addition, "saving" offers can be added to standard menus and promotions for visitors who have become more conscious of their expenses. The company has various margin management tools at its disposal in order to adequately respond to changes in local markets. The company's information systems allow real-time tracking and analysis of sales in various territories, and the marketing, supply and technology teams are able to quickly create new offers that are optimal for guests in terms of price-quality ratio. In addition, the regional structure of the Support Centers makes it possible to tailor offers to the conditions of each market. Over the past three years, the company has consolidated its structure and business processes, thanks to which it has a strong competitive advantage in the market. The company strives to use all internal resources, as well as all the experience gained over more than 20 years in the restaurant business, to overcome the current economic situation and to strengthen its leading position by offering guests high-quality service, as well as delicious and affordable dishes.

In addition, along with restaurants of well-known companies in the niche of the middle price category, there are other restaurants. For example, restaurants Japanese cuisine associations "Vesta-Center-International" networks "Yakitoria" and "Gin-no-taki", projects "Romashka Management", "Shesh-besh", "Molly Gvinz", etc. In turn, experts in the restaurant business highlight interesting fact that the middle price segment is influenced by fashion. Fashion for Japanese, Italian cuisine, gave impetus to the development of restaurants in the middle price segment. Before the advent of Planet Sushi and Yakitori, sushi was considered an incredible delicacy "for the elite" and was served in a few expensive restaurants for a lot of money. However, popular restaurant chains picked up the idea of ​​their "older" brothers and replicated it at a more accessible level. The same was the case with restaurants. Italian cuisine, before the creation of "Patio Pizza" and its followers, Italian food was considered the privilege of visitors to a kind of "boutique restaurants" of Italian cuisine. But the fashion passes, and many restaurants leave the market, and as you know, each new gastronomic fashion will leave a noticeable mark on the Russian restaurant landscape: for example, Azteca and Santa Fe remained from the “Latin” boom. The same trend can be traced today in relation to restaurants of Japanese and Italian cuisine. According to opinion polls, Italian, Japanese and Russian cuisine is in the greatest demand in Moscow today. In addition, Caucasian restaurants are popular, as well as those that can be classified as "European" restaurants, offering a wide variety of dishes without a pronounced national focus. The rating of the most popular types of cuisine is presented in table 2.

table 2

№	Type of cuisine	Popularity Rating
1.	European	6,6 %
2.	Italian	11,5 %
3.	Russian	9,9 %
4.	Author's	6,3 %
5.	mediterranean	5,6 %
6.	Japanese	4,5 %
7.	french	4,2 %
8.	Chinese	4 %
9.	Fish	5,4 %
10.	Meat	3,4 %

A source:

In Russia, it is the middle price segment that has received the most active development. The largest number of restaurants that have recently opened are attributed to this niche. As a result, restaurant companies are beginning to use more and more new methods of competition. A few years ago, for establishments in this market segment, the presence of an unusual concept and the optimal ratio of price and quality was of paramount importance. Now restaurateurs have begun to seriously think about raising the level of service, using various discount programs and discounts, holding spectacular events and promotions, introducing more successful and interesting wines into the wine list, and healthy, light and vegetarian dishes, salads, desserts.

A special segment of the food industry are "premium class" restaurants. Expensive author's fine dining, haute cuisine, haute cuisine restaurants began to appear in Russia in the late 80s and early 90s. of the last century and are invariably associated with the names of famous restaurateurs, such as Arkady Novikov restaurants "Pushkin" and "Cheese", Andrey Dellos restaurants "Le Duc" and "Shinok", Anton Tabakov restaurant "Oblomov on Presnya", Igor Bukharov restaurant "Absent" and others. Today, many of them have already mastered the Moscow market and have begun to expand their network in the regions, opening both their own business and franchising. It is quite obvious that in the future expensive author's establishments will continue to open and evolve. The main trend of their development will be the search for new architectural solutions. Simple replication of expensive cuisine of different nationalities no longer works, the future of author's restaurants lies in ideas, stories around which new concepts will be built.

Considering the restaurant business market at the regional level, it can be noted that there is no exact data on the market capacity. The main leaders of the restaurant business are still considered the central cities of Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg. Naturally, it is in these cities that the most rapid development of all segments of the public catering market takes place. In the regions, the development of the restaurant market is much slower due to the limited capacity of the regional market, as well as lower incomes of the population. Particular attention is paid to the return on investment, because the waiting period for profit is much lower. Therefore, investors want to participate only in profitable projects and do not plan to make such tangible investments in the regional restaurant business as in the metropolitan catering chains. At the same time, there is a great demand for public catering establishments in the regions.

For example, in the Central Black Earth region, the restaurant business is not developing as rapidly as in the capital. This is explained by the fact that Moscow is several years ahead of other regions in development and has already managed to go through a phase of intensive growth. However, it is possible to single out cities in which large network companies began to operate in the restaurant business market. These include the city of Voronezh, in the restaurant market of which several large restaurant business companies operate at once - McDonald's, Baskin Robbins, a chain of restaurants of JSC RosInter Restaurants Holding. Almost all RosInter restaurants in the middle class segment occupy a free niche in the regional center and work almost in parallel with restaurants of local owners. For example, Planet Sushi operates in almost the same segment as the Tanuki restaurant, Varibashi, Furusato, Sakura, IL Patio with the Italian Yard chain, the Sibirskaya Korona beer restaurant with the inn " Tree sticks". However, Andrey Suverin, co-owner of OOO Sterkh, the Voronezh franchisee ZAO Lanch, believes restaurants like Sibirskaya Korona will find it hard to compete with well-known Moscow brands.

To date, the restaurant market in Voronezh includes 561 catering establishments, of which - 16 restaurants, 222 bars and cafes, 196 canteens and 127 buffets and eateries, which, according to official data, provides the population of the city of Voronezh with seats in catering points only by 70%, with a population of 975.7 thousand people. When comparing the situation in the restaurant market of Voronezh with the situation in other cities with a million inhabitants, it can be seen that in Voronezh there are two times fewer catering establishments. Since on average there are a thousand catering points per million inhabitants of a regional or regional center. According to the estimates of Finam investment company, the volume of the restaurant market in Voronezh annually is about 180-200 million dollars, and the growth rate is 25% per year.

Considering the development of the city's restaurant market, it should be noted that business development in Voronezh began in the same way as in any other city in the country. Entrepreneurs opened small cafes and pavilions with hot meals, and then significantly rebuilt and modernized already operating catering establishments. At the same time, without disregarding the development of shopping and entertainment complexes, on the basis of which it becomes possible to open new catering points with modern equipment and new forms of service for the city of Voronezh. For example, the Discovery entertainment complex, being the largest leisure center in Voronezh, offers the services of the Vozdushny Zal steak restaurant, the Morskoy Zal seafood restaurant, billiards, discos, and banquet halls. Opened in October 2000 as a "pilot" project, the Old City restaurant remains the only restaurant whose owners are mainly engaged in footwear and electronics. Restaurant "Gulliver", opened five years ago, is also today one of the most successful projects in public catering in Voronezh. To attract customers, the restaurant hosts festivals of national cuisines once every three to four months, and various beer events are especially successful. Vadim Korzhov, the chef of Gulliver, speaking about the gastronomic preferences of the inhabitants of Voronezh, notes that although fish, seafood and raw vegetables, guests prefer meat, especially pork. Restaurants like the Voronezh restaurant of Russian cuisine "Po Pike VeleNEW" operate in every city in Russia. All of them are at the same time similar to the legendary "Yolki-Palki", but at the same time they are quite original. Restaurant "Po Pike VeleNEW" is part of the "Festival of Taste" group. This company has several workshops and retail stores, which not only produce, but also sell various salads, cold appetizers, main courses and semi-finished products. At the same time, the problem of opening fast food establishments in Voronezh is very urgent. Public network enterprises, both in the center and on the outskirts of the city, are sorely lacking. Therefore, one of the priority lines of the authorities is to support such companies as Voronezh Bakery, Russian Appetite, Baskin Robbins and develop a fast street food network with a European level of service quality.

Lipetsk is another small but rather rich city, where medium and high price segment establishments are in the greatest demand. Its restaurant market is represented, in particular, by the local chain of fast food restaurants Lozhka, owned by businessman Igor Morozov, the group of cafes and restaurants Yantar by Andrey Plotnikov, whose group includes: cafes Aquarium and Co, Russian Pub, "Khutorok", "premium class" restaurants "Peterhof", "Melnitsa", as well as the pizzeria "Trattoria" co-owner Vladimir Kapustyansky. Igor Morozov works under a franchise in the regional center - cafe-confectionery "Baskin Robbins", Alexander Nazarov develops the project of the German network "GrillMaster".

In Lipetsk, RosInter is represented by LLC Kinomir, which intends to open the first Elki-Palki restaurant in the Solaris entertainment center. According to experts, the volume of investments will be 4 million rubles, the cost of the franchise is 2-2.3 million rubles. for one object. Thus, Kinomir will bring the third brand of fast food to Lipetsk after Baskin Robbins and GrillMaster. The Elki-Palki network in Lipetsk is part of the Arkady Novikov Group of Companies and is managed by Lunch CJSC (Moscow). The first tavern of this group was opened in 1996, and now there are about 50 of them in Russia, of which 31 are in Moscow, 6 are in St. Petersburg. In addition, Arkady Novikov is a co-owner of more than 40 restaurant projects "Cheese", "Royal Hunt", "Siren", "Vogue cafe", "Yolki-Palki", "Sushi Oars". Elki-Palki”, according to experts, will not become a competitive offer in the Lipetsk market, since the average check is 250-300 rubles, and the Khutorok restaurant chain, which also specializes in Russian cuisine, has an average check much lower and amounts to 80-300 rubles. 100 rubles. At the same time, the Yolki-Palki chain of restaurants in Lipetsk may take its niche and move from Moscow fast food to mid-range restaurants in the region, since this segment is not yet saturated. In addition, the Yolki Palki tavern will be able to attract an insignificant part of consumers thanks to the well-known metropolitan brand, since now only one “big name” operates in Lipetsk - the American Baskin Robbins chain.

It should be noted that the percentage of establishments in the middle price segment of the restaurant market, accounted for by chain restaurants and establishments that claim to become such subsequently, is increasing every year. And this phenomenon has quite definite reasons. In the modern catering market, competition is sometimes not between individual restaurants, but between brands. In the case of opening food establishments that are not united by a common concept, restaurateurs have to invest in the promotion of a new project every time and win an audience from scratch. Naturally, the process requires not only money, but also time. At the same time, in the case of opening establishments of an already existing restaurant chain, the restaurateur reduces financial risks and saves time, because consumers are already familiar with the concept, cuisine, service and atmosphere of the newly opened establishment. In addition, an increase in the number of establishments of one network increases its investment attractiveness, which opens up new horizons by attracting partners, loans and investors and makes the brand additional advertising.

Moscow fixed-line fast-food chains are not the only ones that are actively making their way to regional markets, because their own fixed-line chains have already formed there.

Under the current conditions, network companies that plan to enter the regions are a real competitor to local fast foods. The scale of the business allows them to lower the price, increase brand awareness, and thus attract customers. In addition, for many companies opening their restaurants in regional markets, it does not matter how quickly the restaurant pays off. For them, the main thing today is to occupy a niche in time.

The development of the public catering sector in the Tambov region, in general, does not contradict the development trends of the all-Russian public catering. For the period from 2005-2010. several establishments were opened at once, claiming future network development. The leading place in public catering in Tambov is occupied by fast food establishments, or fast food eateries. Among them are "Zhar-Pizza", "Zhu-zhu", "Coffee House", "Pizzeria".

Restaurant - brewery "Filin", opened in the spring of 2007 and located on the central street of Tambov in its historical and picturesque part, three minutes from the Embankment, has gained wide popularity among residents and guests of Tambov. This is the only restaurant in the city that consists of three halls: the common hall "Beer Yard", the VIP hall "Knight's Hall", the banquet hall "Hunter" with a unique design in the Gothic style, built on the general concept of the restaurant. Restaurant visitors are invited to enjoy the taste of "live beer", various varieties of which are made in own brewery according to old original Czech recipes. The menu of the restaurant will delight guests with a wide range of fine dining Russian and European cuisine; in the daytime, visitors are offered several types of business lunch. For connoisseurs, a large selection of elite drinks and cocktails is presented.

The "Coffee" offers a large selection of different varieties of coffee, tea, specialties, as well as a wide range of elite desserts, the average check amount is about 250-300 rubles.

Restaurant "Europe" in the Tambov restaurant market has been operating since 2002, it is a classic European-style restaurant, designed mainly for wealthy people. A distinctive feature of this institution is high quality service, a wide range of dishes and elite alcoholic drinks.

In the lower price category of the market, such enterprises as the Zhar-pizza cafe, the Debut cafe, the Irina cafe, the Ryabina cafe and others operate. However, the further development of the market in Tambov is affected by the lack of infrastructure, special products, highly qualified personnel, knowledge of catering, training systems. So far, establishments that care about their reputation are forced to send chefs for internships in Moscow and import products that are not available on the local market from other regions.

Thus, the main problems for the further development of domestic food in the regions is the need for the speedy approval of technical regulations that will replace the existing GOSTs. Today, entrepreneurs who want to work in the restaurant market are faced with a lack of premises suitable for accommodating public catering enterprises, a shortage of qualified personnel and the possibility of increasing them on the basis of metropolitan enterprises. In addition, it is required to simplify the procedure for issuing permits required for opening new enterprises. But, despite these problems, public catering in our region is on the rise, as evidenced by the data on the steady growth of the fast food industry, which allows us to consider the all-Russian network of cafes and eateries as the most promising direction for development. The Russian restaurant business market is currently one of the most attractive investment subjects for both foreign and domestic investors. A special place among potential investors is occupied by Russian companies engaged in production activities and having the opportunity to invest in the public catering market. At the same time, a number of them are preparing independent projects, and are in search of strategic partners.

At the same time, public catering has an important socio-economic significance, which is expressed in the fact that it contributes to the reproduction of the labor force, since the need for food is an integral part of human life.

In addition, the role of public catering is manifested in the fact that these enterprises are small businesses and part of the infrastructure of the region (city), providing employment for the population and making tax payments to the budget. All this contributes to the improvement of economic and social indicators of domestic regions. In addition, catering establishments create opportunities for cultural leisure activities.

Thus, in modern Russia there are all conditions for the active development of the food industry, primarily due to the mid-price segment, which, according to experts, is used only by 20-25%.

Literature

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2. Efimov S.L., Kucher L.S. Restaurant business in Russia: technology of success. Ed. 3. - M.: Roskonsult, 2007. - 512 p.

3. Soldatenkov D.V. Modern restaurant: new formats. - M.: Restaurant News, 2009. - 144 p.

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Nutrition is the process of providing the body with substances for normal functioning, taking into account social, psychological, biological and other factors that affect a person's food habits.

The catering industry is a business in the service market based on the principles of hospitality. Segments of the catering enterprise: 1. Commercial (enterprises belong to restaurant business, focused on meeting the needs of the guests, the clientele is changing, serving dishes on demand of the client, unstable production volume, irregular working hours - weekends are the highest demand). These include a cafe, bar, restaurant, snack bar, dining room. 2. Non-commercial - exist at establishments that are not related to the restaurant business (focused on the guest and the enterprise in which they exist, constant daily clientele, serving dishes in several shifts, stable production volume, normalized working day - Sat, Sun weekends). These include food points at school, hospital, army, factories.

According to GOST R 50647-94 “Public catering. Terms and Definitions, approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated February 21, 1994 No. 35 and put into effect on July 1, 1994 (hereinafter GOST R 50647-94), catering establishment is an enterprise intended for the production of culinary products, flour confectionery and bakery products, their sale and (or) organization of consumption. The main activity of a catering company is the preparation and sale of food. The purpose of a public catering enterprise is to satisfy the biological needs of a person for food, the social need for communication. The main product of public catering is dishes (unity of food products) / portions of food that have culinary readiness and are fully suitable for consumption and released to the consumer.

Public catering enterprises, depending on the nature of their activities, are divided into: - enterprises that organize the production of public catering products (harvesting factories, workshops for the production of semi-finished products and culinary products, specialized culinary workshops, in-flight catering enterprises (shops), etc.) with the possibility of delivery to consumers ;- enterprises organizing the production, sale of public catering products and serving consumers with consumption on the spot and for take-out (export) with the possibility of delivery (restaurants, cafes, bars, snack bars, canteens, fast food establishments, coffee shops); - enterprises organizing the sale public catering products (with possible consumption on the spot) (cooking shops, buffets, cafeterias, small retail trade enterprises); - catering enterprises; - enterprises organizing delivery and service of consumers in hotel rooms and other accommodation facilities

In accordance with GOST R 50762-95 “Public catering. Classification of enterprises”, approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated April 5, 1995 No. 198 (hereinafter GOST R 50762-95), the following classification of types of catering establishments is established: 1. restaurant - a public catering establishment with a wide range of complex dishes, including custom-made and branded ones; wine and vodka, tobacco and confectionery products, with an increased level of service in combination with recreation. Restaurants are distinguished: according to the range of products sold - non-specialized and specialized (fish, beer, cheese, etc.; restaurants of national cuisine or cuisines of foreign countries); by location - in residential and public buildings; according to the interests of consumers (club restaurant, sports restaurant, restaurant - night club, restaurant-salon); according to the composition and purpose of the premises - stationary and mobile (restaurants on sea and river vessels, in trains). 2. bar- a catering company with a bar that sells mixed, strong alcoholic, low-alcohol and non-alcoholic drinks, snacks, desserts, flour confectionery and bakery products, purchased goods. Bars are distinguished: - according to the range of products sold and the method of preparing catering products - a wine bar, a beer bar (pub bar), a coffee bar, a dessert bar, a milk bar, a cocktail bar, a grill bar, a sushi bar, etc.; - on the specifics of customer service and (or) organization of leisure (entertainment) - video bar, variety bar, disco bar, cinema bar, dance bar (Dance Hall), lobby bar, Night Club bar, etc. ; - by location - in residential and public buildings, including detached buildings, hotels, railway stations; in cultural, entertainment and sports facilities; in recreation areas; - according to the interests of consumers (club bar, sports bar). It should be noted that such types of catering establishments as restaurants and bars are also divided into classes. The class of a public catering enterprise is a set of distinctive features of a certain type, characterizing the quality of the services provided, the level and conditions of service. Bars and restaurants in terms of service level and types of services provided to visitors differ in: luxury(characterized by the sophistication of the interior, a high level of comfort, a wide range of services provided to visitors, as well as an assortment of original, exquisite custom-made and signature dishes, products for restaurants, and for bars - a wide selection of branded and custom-made drinks and cocktails). top class(distinguished by the originality of the interior, the choice of services, a diverse range of original, gourmet, custom-made and specialty dishes and products for restaurants, a wide selection of branded and custom-made drinks and cocktails - for bars); first grade(corresponds to harmony, comfort and choice of services, a wide range of signature dishes and products, as well as complex drinks for restaurants, a set of drinks, cocktails easy cooking- for bars). Confirmation of the compliance of a public catering enterprise with the selected type and class is carried out by certification bodies accredited by the Russian Federation Committee for Standardization, Metrology and Certification in the prescribed manner.3. a cafe- an enterprise that provides catering and recreation services to consumers with a limited range of products compared to a restaurant. It sells branded, custom-made dishes, products and drinks. Cafes are distinguished: - according to the range of products sold - non-specialized and specialized (ice cream cafe, confectionery cafe, dairy cafe, pizzeria cafe, etc.); - according to the contingent served and the interests of consumers, including interior design, - youth, children's, student, office, cafe-club, Internet cafe, art cafe, cafe-tavern, etc.; - by location - in residential and public buildings, including detached buildings, hotels, railway stations; in cultural, entertainment and sports facilities; in recreation areas; - by methods and forms of service - with service by waiters and with self-service; - by the time of operation - permanent and seasonal; - according to the composition and purpose of the premises - stationary and mobile (car cafes, cafe cars, cafes on sea and river vessels, etc.). 4. dining room- a public catering enterprise or serving a certain contingent of consumers that produces and sells dishes in accordance with a menu varied by day of the week. Canteens are distinguished: - according to the range of products sold - canteens selling dishes, products and drinks of mass demand; vegetarian, dietary, including food units of sanatoriums, dispensaries; - according to the contingent served and the interests of consumers - canteens for school, student, office, etc.; - by location - public canteens in residential, public buildings, canteens at the place of study, work, service, temporary residence, at hospitals, sanatoriums, rest homes, etc .; - on the organization of production - working on raw materials, on semi-finished products (pre-cooking), canteens of a mixed type, canteens-handouts. five. diner- a public catering enterprise with a limited range of dishes of simple preparation from a certain type of raw material and designed to quickly serve consumers with intermediate meals. Snack bars are distinguished: - according to the composition and purpose of the premises - stationary and mobile; - by the time of operation - permanent and seasonal. In addition, GOST R 50647-94 additionally identifies the following public catering facilities: dietary canteen- canteen specializing in the preparation and sale of dietary meals; canteen - distributing- canteen selling finished products received from other public catering organizations; buffet- a structural subdivision of the organization, intended for the sale of flour confectionery and bakery products, purchased goods and a limited range of simple dishes. Public catering services (“All-Russian classifier of services to the population” OK 002-93 (OKUN), approved by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 1993 ode No. 163.) include: Services provided to consumers by public catering organizations can be divided into: catering services; services for the production of culinary products and confectionery; services for the organization of consumption and maintenance; services for the sale of products; leisure services; information and consulting services; other services. So under catering services should be understood as services for the manufacture of catering products and the creation of conditions for its implementation in accordance with the type and class of catering organization. Based on this, catering services are divided into: catering services of restaurants; bar catering services; cafe catering services; canteen catering services; snack food service. There are various types of restaurant service in the world, the main ones are: French, Russian and American. french type service is common in gourmet restaurants, where it emphasizes elegance and an upbeat atmosphere. Food is served laid out on a large platter and small plates arranged on a cart. French service is considered the most expensive type of restaurant service. With Russian service food is prepared entirely in the kitchen. The dish is brought to the table at which the guests are sitting, and food is placed on each guest's personal plate. This type of service is convenient for serving banquets and parties. American service- this is a simplified version of the Russian service. The food is prepared and laid out on plates directly in the kitchen, after which the plates are carried to the guests. This method of service is very popular due to its speed: the order is processed quickly and the food is served hot. Also have "Buffet". With this form of service, dishes with hot and cold appetizers are displayed on a large table, and the guests themselves put food on their plates without resorting to the help of waiters. Buffet Service- with this form of service, as well as at the "buffet", guests themselves choose hot or cold dishes. The difference lies in the fact that when serving through the buffet, the selected dishes are served to the guests by the waiters, while from the "buffet" guests take everything themselves. Catering- provision of contract services for catering for employees of enterprises and organizations; restaurant service outside stationary premises, arrangement of offsite catering events. Concept is a system of interrelated views, a single defining idea, a leading thought in the construction of something. Components of the restaurant concept:Credo, goals, tasks- what the enterprise exists for; what sets it apart from its competitors. Mission- this is a clearly articulated meaning of the existence of the restaurant, the philosophy of doing business, its purpose. Market- consumers of the restaurant; competitors among which there is a restaurant (can be determined depending on the services offered). Profile- direction of activity. Depending on the target market segment, for example, a children's restaurant "Golden Marzipan", a family restaurant, only for adults, a club restaurant for gays can be distinguished. Can be distinguished by cuisines (European, Caucasian, Oriental, Mexican, Russian). It can be distinguished by the type of raw materials (fish, meat, seafood, vegetarian, pizza, thematic). Location. Criteria for choosing a place (demographic factor; degree of solvency; level of well-being of the area - sewerage, transport; parking). Atmosphere affects the level of the subconscious and consciousness of a person. The perceived effect influences the choice (noisiness, table arrangement); subconscious effect - lighting, type of furniture, tablecloth color. The task of the atmosphere is to create a mood. Service(full service, buffet, banquet service, Russian). Menu- This is a map of dishes and drinks, a diet for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Acts as main component concept, business card of the restaurant, you can keep a history of sales of dishes. The main tool of restaurant sales. The following types of menus are distinguished: a la carte - portioned dishes with an individual price for each; the name of the dish, ingredients, cooking method, yield in grams and price are indicated, typical for cafes and restaurants; table dot - the choice of one or more dishes at a fixed price, typical for hotels; du jour - a list of on-duty dishes; tourist - the menu does not change from day to day; Californian - dishes are ordered at any time of the day; cyclic - the dish is easily repeated after a certain time, typical for canteens). Menu functions - evaluative (reflecting the activities of the enterprise), analytical (studying demand), stimulating (you can influence the results of the enterprise; with the help of a properly compiled menu, you can plan profits, fully satisfy people's needs. Menu design reflects the design of the restaurant. The menu should be attractive , clean, easy to read Sizes should be in direct proportion to meal times.

Characteristics of the tourist potential of the European region: sub-region Southern Europe (Greece, Spain, Italy, Malta, Vatican). External factors of tourism development. main tourist centers. Types of tourism, natural, recreational and cultural-historical sights.

Greece- located in the southern part of the Balkan Peninsula and on the islands adjacent to it and to the coast of Asia Minor, it borders on Albania, Bulgaria and Turkey. It is washed by the Mediterranean Sea, including: the Ionian, Aegean Seas, and the southern coast of Crete - the Libyan Sea. Greece consists of about 2 thousand islands, which account for almost 20% of the entire country. The capital is Athens, Greek language, religion - Orthodox Christianity; head of state president; euro currency; need a Schengen visa; climate mild mediterranean. SWIMMING SEASON IN GREECE starts from the beginning of May and ends at the end of October. The Greek landscape is an alternation of rocky, usually treeless mountains, densely populated valleys, numerous islands, straits and bays. Picturesque cliffs, beaches, exotic grottoes provide great opportunities for seaside recreation and mountain tourism. The highest point in Greece is Mount Olympus (2917 m). Pindus, Parnassus, the mountain range of Central Greece and Taygetos also rise above 2000 meters.

The main center of tourism in the country is its capital - Athens, one of the oldest cities in the world. The Acropolis and Lycabettus hills are considered the center of Athens. Athens Acropolis is a symbol of ancient Greece. It is a rocky hill 156 m high and is famous for its cult buildings of the classical period, the Parthenon (V century BC) - the temple of Athena Parthenos, which is a unique architectural structure, the theater of Dionysus, the ancient Agora, the Erechtheion. Delphi - the "navel of the Earth" (marble statue), the temple of Appalon, was kept. about. Crete- there is the Samaria Gorge, as well as more than 4700 caves and grottoes. According to legend, in one of the caves, the goddess Rhea gave birth to Zeus, the city of Heraklion. Thessaloniki - White tower - a symbol of the city, St. Demetrius, Byzantine Fortress Walls. Sparta - the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia, the temple of Athena Mednodomnaya and the theater.

Among the most interesting National Parks of Greece: Olympus National Park in this national park is the legendary Mount Olympus; national park Samaria Gorge the longest gorge in Europe; Pindus National Park (landscapes of the Pindus mountains, rich flora).

BEACH REST. Northern Greece - The main resorts are located on the Halkidiki peninsula. This is Kassandra with white beaches and rocky capes covered with pine forests, Sithonia, known for its azure shores, cozy fishing bays and olive groves. Another resort area - Paralia Katerinis - is located on the coast of the Aegean Sea. Resorts of Southern Greece ( Loutraki is the most famous and popular resort in the south of the country. Lots of places for entertainment. The beaches are small, clean pebbles. Resorts of Glyfada and Vouliagmeni. Peloponnese Peninsula- the southernmost region of the mainland of the country. There is a clear sea and beautiful nature. Crete- the largest and southernmost island of Greece. Wildlife is preserved here in its original form. Corfu Island, Rhodes Island, Mykonos Island known as a gay resort). THERAPEUTIC AND IMPROVING REST. Resorts in Greece are very popular for the treatment and healing of the body. Natural factors: maritime climate, solar ultraviolet, sea water rich in salts and trace elements, therapeutic mud and various types of medicinal plants successfully treat cardiovascular diseases and diseases of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems, as well as many other types of diseases. Many resorts are famous for their healing mineral springs. Among the resorts it is fashionable to highlight Vouliagmeni, Ikaria, Ipati, Loutrakion. REST ON THE ISLANDS. The islands of Crete, Corfu, Rhodes and Mykonos are the most popular among tourists. SHOP TOURS. The city of Kastoria (is one of the leading European centers for the production of high-quality fur products. In addition to Kastoria, people involved in the "fur coat business" go to Paralia Katerinis. The prices here are low, but the range of fur coats is simpler. DIVING - Greece is the site of the oldest shipwrecks in the world. Athens- The South East Coast provides a choice of many types of dives. Santorini Island provides virtually unlimited diving opportunities.

Corfu- a lush green island surrounded by crystal clear waters. (Liapades Reef, Monastery Reef, Kolovri Rock. In Greek mythology, Kolovri Rock is Odysseus' ship turned to stone by the gods. It is a breathtaking dive site). SKIING. Ski center "Seli" has been operating since 1934, located on Mount Vermion. Features of the center - low humidity, proximity to the forest, a magnificent panorama of the surroundings. The Parnassus ski resort is the largest and well-organized ski resort in Greece.

To get to know the real Greece better, you should start with the myths of Ancient Greece. They speak not only about the life of the gods, but also, for example, about the origin of the Greek land or the labyrinth of the Minotaur.

Having properly studied Greek myths, you can safely go on an excursion to Argolis with a visit to the Corinth Canal, a tour of Epidaurus - the ancient theater, the temple of Apollo the healer, the city of Nafplion. Mycenae - "Lion's Gate", royal tombs, the palace of the Mycenaean kings, the tomb of Agamemnon.

Excursion to Delphi - the temple of Apollo (the famous oracle is located there), the opportunity to bathe with water of the Castal spring, the cities of Livadia and Thebes, the village of Arachova. Meteora - massive "sculptures" of bizarre shape, created by nature, and ancient monasteries (entrance in open clothes is prohibited, you can get from Kalambaka).

Olympia - the city of Patra (the temple of St. Andrew the First-Called), the Archaeological Museum, the temples of Olympian Zeus and the Goddess Hera. Port of Piraeus - Archaeological and Naval Museums, outdoor theater on the top of Profitis Ilias hill.

Macedonia: sightseeing tour of Thessaloniki - acquaintance with the history of the city, sightseeing of the main attractions ("White Tower", Rotunda, triumphal arch, etc.), visiting archaeological sites, exhibition halls and inspection of the Acropolis - the Byzantine fortress walls and the Old City.

Cruise around the Holy Mount Athos - inspection (from a distance of at least 500 m) of the unique Orthodox monastic republic of Athos, where today there are 20 monasteries and 1700 monks live. Petralona Cave - the place where the remains of an ancient man who lived in Europe were found.

The peninsula of Chalkidiki is located in the northern part of the Aegean Sea, southeast of Thessaloniki and is shaped like a trident. The three endings are the three "fingers" of the peninsula: Kassandra, Sithonia and Agios Oros (Athos). The beaches of the Halkidiki peninsula are among the cleanest and most equipped in Greece. In 2005, 34 beaches of Chalkidiki received Blue Flags for the cleanliness of coastal waters, the safety of vacationers and the developed beach infrastructure. Almost all the beaches and resorts of Halkidiki have excellent conditions for water activities - windsurfing, diving, etc.

The most famous and popular resort in Southern Greece, located on the shores of the Gulf of Corinth, 80 km from Athens. This is a resort town, stretched for 3 km along the sea, with a beautiful promenade, where there are many taverns, bars and discos. Loutraki is famous for its healing mineral waters; a hydrotherapy center has been built here, where you can take a course of wellness procedures. In addition, here at the service of gambling guests is the largest casino in Europe. There are not so many hotels, but the choice, nevertheless, is wide: from expensive "fives" to cheap apartments. The beaches are small, clean pebbles. This resort is suitable for both family vacationers and lovers of entertainment.

The Peloponnese peninsula is the southernmost region of mainland Greece. Little is sold on the Russian market, although there is a very clean sea and beautiful nature. Its main disadvantages are the lack of large resorts (usually scattered hotels or apartments), expensive transfers, remoteness from the airport. The most attractive side of the Peloponnese is its vast historical heritage, an abundance of attractions. Therefore, there are interesting excursion programs here.

Today Rhodes- the most dynamically developing resort in Greece. There are few Russian tourists here, but many Germans and Englishmen, so the animation in hotels is only in English und Deutsch. The hotels themselves are predominantly Deluxe or A categories (that is, in the region of 4-5 "stars"). The resorts of Lindos and Kolymbia are quite quiet and calm, Faliraki is fashionable and youthful with many bars, discos, an amusement park and a water park. The resort of Ialyssos is famous for its windsurfing clubs. The swimming season here lasts from May to October.

Mykonos Island

Life on the island is in full swing around the clock: there are numerous Greek taverns, restaurants with international cuisine, discos and other modern entertainment centers. The island has a wonderful water park and popular beaches for nudists. In addition, Mykonos is a world-famous gay meeting place and just a center for noisy youth recreation.

The ski resort on Mount Parnassus, located just a couple of hours from Athens, is the most developed in Greece. Both skiers and snowboarders ride here. In total, 26 tracks are equipped with a height difference from 1640 m to 2250 m.

Another popular center is located on Mount Timfristos near the town of Karpenision. Here, 7 lifts serve 11 slopes, two of which can be called "black". The resort is a three hour drive from Athens.

Spain is a state in southwestern Europe, occupying most of the Iberian Peninsula. In the north it borders on France and Andorra, in the west - on Portugal, in the south - on Gibraltar. In the north it is washed by the Bay of Biscay, in the east - by the Mediterranean Sea, in the west - by the Atlantic Ocean. Spain owns several island groups - the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean. Capital Madrid; euro currency; Spanish language; the king rules, the dominant climate is a subtropical Mediterranean type, with mild short winters and dry hot summers, the Pyrenees mountain system, the Catalan mountains. Madrid - Prado Museum, Reina Sofia Art Center, Plaza Mayor (main square), Royal Palace, Amusement Park. Barcelona - Sagrada Familia, Columbus monument, singing fountains, Mount Tibidao (the highest place in the city), Plaza Catalunya, Gothic Quarter, Aquarium, Cathedral. Valencia - bullring, Botanical Garden, Gulliver's figure, Palace of Music, Zoological Garden. BEACH HOLIDAYS. The resorts of Spain will satisfy every taste of vacationers. Costa Brava is a resort area with picturesque bays and small sandy beaches in the north of the country. Sheer cliffs rise straight from the Mediterranean Sea, pine groves coexist with small fishing villages and modern hotels. Costa Dorado - located on the southern coast of Catalonia. The sand on the beaches has a peculiar golden hue. Costa Blanca is one of the main tourist centers of the country. Most of the beaches are sandy with soft white sand. Costa Blanca is the record holder among Spanish resorts for the number of "blue flags" awarded by the EU for the cleanliness of water and beaches. The Balearic archipelago is located in the western part of the Mediterranean Sea and consists of four islands: Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera. The islands have the highest standard of living throughout Spain and vacations here are available only to very wealthy people (Majorca is very picturesque. There are long sandy beaches, spacious bays, and cozy coves immersed in greenery. The island is famous for the fact that in the Marivent castle every year, the royal family in full force rests.Ibiza Island.This is a place of entertainment for young people who prefer a relaxed, free holiday). The Canary Islands require a separate story. They are more than all other islands removed from the Iberian Peninsula and located in the Atlantic Ocean. The sand is coarse, gray, of volcanic origin. There are beaches with loose yellow sand, but they are few in number. The largest island in the archipelago is Tenerife. Tenerife is called "the island of eternal spring. The extinct volcano Teide is considered the symbol of the island. Lanzarote is a reserve of volcanoes. There are hundreds of volcanic vents, some of them are still hot. The vegetation on the island is only artificially planted, there are no cities, but only a few villages. The Catalan Pyrenees are the resorts: La Molina, Masella, Val de Nuria, Port del Comte, Baqueira, Beret.In the Cantabrian Cordillera - the resorts: Alto Campo, Val Grande Pejares, San Isidro, Leitariegos, Manzaneda In the Aragonese Pyrenees - resorts: Candanchu, Astun, Formigal, Panticosa, Kerler. The ski resort season lasts from November to April. THERAPEUTIC - HEALTH. In Spain, there are many thermal springs from Celtic and Roman baths to large balneological resorts. Mineral waters are used for baths, drinking cures and inhalations, while the range of diseases recommended for treatment is wide, including diseases of the musculoskeletal system, kidneys and urinary tract, gastrointestinal path, respiratory organs, diseases of the nervous system, gynecological diseases. The main balneological resorts are Alama de Aragon, located in the valley of the Halon River, Archena; Verin; Caldes de Malavella, Lanjaron. Ecotourism. On the territory of Spain there are more than 400 nature reserves that protect the main ecosystems of the peninsula and islands (the Garrocha Volcanic Zone, the Montseny Biosphere Reserve, the Alt Pirene Natural Park). The main attractions canary islands are exotic landscapes created by nature. There are many nature reserves on the islands, many sites have been declared heritage of mankind by UNESCO, and the entire island of Lanzarote is a national park. In Tenerife, it is worth visiting the Teide National Park, the Botanical Garden, the Loro Parque ornithological park, the zoo with rare species of exotic animals, the cactus park, and the ancient capital of the island - La Laguna. Spain has developed diving and windsurfing.

Barcelona- Barcelona Cathedral - a vivid example of Catalan Gothic architecture., Picasso Museum, Gauell Park, Sagrada Familia (Temple of the Sagrada Familia) (Sagrada Familia)

The architectural masterpiece of Gaudi is one of the main emblems of the city.

Valencia is harder to find another Spanish city than Valencia, where getting lost is not scary, but pleasant. It is best to start your acquaintance with the city in its historical center on the square of the Virgin Mary and then follow the map and look at the watchtowers of Serranos, the square of the City Assembly, the Basilica of the Holy Virgin Mary, the La Lonja silk exchange, the Valencia Cathedral and the huge statue of Gulliver in the park Turii.

If you have time, you should look into the Jardines de Viveros, Alameda and Jardines de Monforte gardens. If you have a whole day to spare, then go to the Albufera National Park - the best place to relax in nature and to taste the local paella and All i Pebre (All i Pebre) - stewed potatoes with eel.

Another pride of Valencia is the City of Arts and Sciences - a cultural and entertainment complex of incredible size with an opera house, a planetarium, a science museum, a gallery and an oceanographic park inside.

Andalusia- Andalusia is a land with a rich historical past. The main cultural monuments and architectural ensembles of the past have survived to this day. Some of them are part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site: the Alhambra Palace-Fortress in Granada, the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Virgin on the site of the former Mezquita Mosque in Cordoba, the famous bell tower of the Giralda Cathedral in Seville, the birthplace of Picasso, Andalusia sheltered masterpieces of painting within the walls of their cathedrals, palaces and museums, sculpture and jewelry. In general, familiarization with local attractions should start with flamenco - this bright passionate dance is a huge part of the cultural and festival life of Andalusia. For outdoor recreation, it is better to go to parks - botanical, water, thematic or just entertaining - they are scattered throughout the autonomous community.

Loro Park, PortAventura.

Italy – it borders with France in the northwest, with Switzerland and Austria in the north and with Slovenia in the northeast. It also has internal borders with the Vatican and San Marino. It occupies the Apennine Peninsula, the Padan Plain, the southern slopes of the Alps, the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and a number of small islands. The capital is Rome, the currency is the euro, the president rules, the language is Italian. In the north - the southern slopes of the Alps with the highest point of Western Europe, Mont Blanc, to the south - the Padan Plain; on the peninsula - the mountains of the Apennines. Active volcanoes - Vesuvius, Etna; frequent earthquakes. The longest river in Italy is Po, the largest lake is Garda. Climate in most of the territory - subtropical, Mediterranean.

Rome - Colosseum (Olymp. Games), Pantheon ( Temple dedicated to all gods , St. Peter's Cathedral, the Trevi Fountain, the Baths of Caracalla are a complex of ruins, the Sistine Chapel, the Venetian Palace. Milan- Milan Cathedral, La Scala Opera House, Leonardo da Vinci's Last Supper, Pirelli Tower - a high-rise building. Venice- Grand Canal of Venice, Piazza and Cathedral of San Marco, Palace of the Rains. Florence - Gothic Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore, Silver Museum, Carriage Museum, Medici Chapel, Medici Museum. Pisa- The Leaning Tower of Pisa. about. Sicily- Valley of the Temples - Jupiter, Juno, Concord and Hercules, Mount Etna. National parks in Italy, there are 4 of them. The oldest of them is Gran Paradiso National Park, the only place where mountain goats and chamois live, as well as marmots, ermines, foxes and eagles. The largest park in Italy is the Stelvio National Park, where deer, chamois, roe deer, ground squirrels and pheasants are found in abundance. The national reserve in Abruzzo, you can meet the last Abruzzi brown bears in Italy. Italian ski resorts can be divided into two large territorial groups: western and eastern. The western group is formed by the resorts of Sestriere, La Thuile, Courmayeur, Aosta/Pyla, Cervinia and Gressoney. There are about 200 km. serious trails of any degree of difficulty, a large number of restaurants, a variety of nightlife, gaming halls, swimming pools, a sauna and a gym. The eastern group of resorts is formed by the region of the Dolomites (Madonna di Campiglio, Val di Sole, Val di Fiemme, Val Gardena, Val di Fassa, Cortina d'Ampezzo and Kronplatz) and Alta Valtellina (Bormio, Santa Caterina, Livigno). Alta Valtellina, located in the province of Lombardy, nowhere else in Italy hosts so many international competitions of the highest rank. resort area Italy is located on the Adriatic coast. It has a mild climate, picturesque landscapes, excellent sandy beaches and developed infrastructure. The main resort areas of the Adriatic coast- these are Ravenna, Milano Marittima, Bellaria, Rimini, Riccione, Gabicce Mare and Gabicce Monte, Pesaro and the region of Abruzzo. On the Ligurian coast, the most famous resort is Genoa. Vacationers here can combine a beach holiday with a rich excursion program. On the Tyrrhenian coast, the beaches are also sandy and very diverse: from small and cozy to wide and spacious. On the Tyrrhenian coast are the cities of Rome, Naples, Salerno, Cosenza. This means that it is also possible to combine a beach holiday with an excursion program. Shopping in Italy- it is often much more than just shopping. It's a whole ritual. In addition, you can perform this ritual without much damage to your wallet thanks to sales held twice a year. The main cities for shopping in Italy are Milan, Rome, Florence. Lake Maggiore- Numerous natural parks are located on the eastern shore of the lake, and the prestigious resorts of Stresa, Verbania, Baveno are located on the western shore, very beautiful islands are concentrated off the western shore. Lake Como attracts tourists with its unusually beautiful landscape. The largest Italian island is Sicily. In Sicily, tourists are attracted by a clean, calm and warm sea, very delicious cuisine and landscape rich nature. In the south of the island, the beaches are sandy, in the north - sand and pebble or rocky. The island of Sardinia is a great place for an environmentally friendly and relaxing holiday. Most of the island is occupied by natural and archaeological reserves. The beaches are sandy with palm and pine groves. Plenty of places in Italy for divers. You can dive almost anywhere. The sea in the Villasimus area (a resort on the island of Sardinia) is of interest even to experienced divers. 4 sunken ships lie here, there are underwater reefs. One of the most visited in Italy places for rest and treatment- the island of Ischia, which is located in the Gulf of Naples. There is an abundance of hot radon geysers, the waters of which mix with the sea. Therefore, you can swim in the winter. On the territory of the island there is a thermal park "Gardens of Eden". The main disease profile of the island's resorts is rheumatic and respiratory diseases. Regardless of the season, you can relax in such thermal resorts in Italy as Abano Terme (province of Veneto), Monsumano Terme. Hot mineral water and the muds created on their basis are successfully used for the treatment of rhinitis, broncho-polmonitis, acute respiratory diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and other diseases. For women of all ages, rest in these resorts is an opportunity to prolong their youth and preserve their beauty. Chianciano Terme is also famous for its healing springs. This resort has a very favorable location - in the beautiful province of Tuscany with its numerous vineyards and olive groves, which makes it possible not only to improve the body, but also to get acquainted with the numerous historical and cultural monuments of this rich region. Milano Marittima is known for its centers of mud, water and salt cures. In addition, this resort is a real garden city with an abundance of pine and cedar groves.

Venice - built on 122 islands connected by 400 bridges: everything you have heard or read about it is true. And gondoliers, and canals instead of streets in the old city, and beautiful old buildings, and, alas, an obviously excessive abundance of tourists. Things got to the point that the city authorities seriously started talking about a possible restriction of the tourist flow. One of the main attractions of the city is the Grand Canal, which runs through the entire city and is about 4 km long and up to 70 meters wide. It leads to the central square of Venice, Piazza San Marco, where the Basilica di San Marco and the famous Palazzo Ducale are located.

There are a huge number of ancient monuments around Piazza San Marco: the Orolodgio tower, the Golden Bridge of Rialto, the Bridge of Sighs Ponte dei Sospiri, the buildings of the Old and New Procurations, the Campanile Bell Tower, the San Marco Library with the Archaeological Museum and the Zecca Mint . Nearby you can find numerous palaces of the Venetian nobility, the Royal Garden, the cathedrals of Santa Maria della Salute and Scuola Grande dei Carmini with magnificent frescoes, the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore, the Frari Basilica, Ca d'Oro Palace (now in It exhibits the famous Franchetti Gallery, the second most important in the city).

In the Castello area, it is worth seeing the churches of San Pietro di Castello, San Zaccaria and Santa Maria dei Miracoli, the grandiose complex of the Arsenal, the Giardini Delia Biennale gardens, the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo, the Scuola Grande San Marco and Scuola di San Giorgio degli Schiavoni. In the San Polo area, the churches of Santa Maria Gloriosa dei Frari with the second highest bell tower in Venice, the famous Scuola San Rocco with Tintoretto murals, and the nearby church of San Rocco deserve attention.

Museums are now open in many old palaces in Venice, including such famous ones as the Peggy Guggenheim Collection (a large collection of modern art in Italy), the Accademia Gallery, the Correr City Museum (historical and art collections on the top two floors of the New Procurations), the International Gallery Contemporary Art Santa Croce and the Museum of Modern Art in the Ca'Pesaro Palace on the Grand Canal.

Pisa - The main attractions of the city are located on the "Field of Miracles" Prato de Miracoli. These are the Baptistery, the “leaning tower” of the Campanile (where could it be without it), the Campo Santo cemetery and the Duomo Cathedral. However, the wealth of Pisa does not end there. There you should definitely see the churches of Santa Maria della Spina, Sant Francesco dei Assisi, Sant Frediano, San Paolo a Ripa d'Amo, Santa Caterina and others. No less interesting are the medieval galleries of Borgo Stretto, the Medici Palace, the botanical garden, the royal palace of the Palazzo Reale, Palazzo Lanfranchi and Palazzo Agostini, the church and monastery of San Antonio and the remains of the fortifications of Fortezza di San Gallo.

Piazza dei Cavalieri and the adjoining Palazzo della Carovana, Palazzo Orologio and two churches - Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri and the little Sant Sixtus deserve special attention. Still - the towers of Gualandi, the Church of San Michele in Borgo, the Medici arsenals, the museums of Opera del Duomo, Delle Sinope and Villa di Corliano, the National Museum of San Matteo, as well as the complex of the University of Pisa, one of the oldest in Europe.

Milan is a shopping, business and industrial center of Italy, the largest banks have settled here, well-known corporations conduct their business, and industrial exhibitions are held. Brokers and businessmen, industrialists and bankers, and sometimes curious tourists who do not want to admit the fact that Milan, despite all its advantages, is not a colorful Italian town at all, but rather an intricate European metropolis that has preserved elegant monuments of the early Renaissance, come here.

Duomo Cathedral

Head to Santa Maria delle Grazie, built in the 15th century. The church itself is quite curious in terms of architecture with a beautiful graceful dome, but still people come here primarily for the Last Supper fresco by the great Renaissance master Leonardo da Vinci. It is impossible to fully call this creation a fresco, Leonardo da Vinci wrote it on a dry wall, covering it with a layer of resin, plaster and mastic to make changes.

Sforza Castle, built in the middle of the 15th century. It will be of particular interest to tourists from Russia. Why is the castle so remarkable? First of all, the shape of the towers and the crown of the crowning wall of the battlements are like two drops of water similar to the Moscow Kremlin. There is nothing surprising in this: the Milanese architects, who were invited to work on the project of the Moscow Kremlin, took the appearance of the Sforza fortress, hence the similarity. Now there is an art gallery with masterpieces by Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. In the castle, for example, you can see Michelangelo's last (unfinished) sculpture, the Pieta Rondanini, paintings by Mantegna, Giovanni Bellini, Filippino Lippi, Correggio and Pontormo, as well as a curious collection of musical instruments.

Mediterranean:

Sardinia is one of the cleanest islands in the Mediterranean. It has retained its traditional patriarchal way of life, the original diverse culture and traditions, the beaches are not crowded, the sea is emerald, there are many beautiful grottoes and caves, and festivals and holidays are held here almost all year round. The popular resort of Costa Smeralda is a zone of luxury and sophistication. It is not suitable for a "budget" holiday, unlike the old Spanish port of Alghero, a favorite hangout for tourists from the UK.

Poetto Beach is located 5 km from the center of Cagliari, one of the most beautiful urban beaches in the Mediterranean. 11 km of sandy coast attract tourists and locals all year round. Thanks to the warm, mild climate, you can swim here from the end of April to the end of October.

Sicily-Schiaccia is a large resort with thermal springs and sandy beaches, the most modern of which are Stazzone, Tonnara, Foggia and San Marco.

The Pelagian Islands are three small islands: Lampedusa, Linosa and Lampione. Tourists can expect breathtaking landscapes, sandy beaches, clean sea waves, diving and boat trips around the area.

Lampedusa is the most famous of the islands and one of the best summer resorts in Italy. The first thing to do upon arrival in Lampedusa is to rent a scooter (it costs about 13 euros per day), this will allow you to visit all the island's interesting beaches. If you are interested in diving or fishing, there are several diving centers at your disposal, ready to supply you with everything you need. As for the beaches, in addition to the famous Rabbit Beach (Rabbit Beach) on a scooter you can get to Cala Creta (Cala Croce) and Cala Madonna (Cala Madonna). Most of the other beaches will have to be reached by boat.

There are no sun loungers or umbrellas on the rocky beach of Cala Creta (although there is a picturesque trattoria right on the cliff above the sea), so you need to take sunscreen with you and hide in the shade of the cliffs. And still it is not recommended to be in the hot sun in the midday heat from 12 to 15 hours.

Rabbit Beach, according to many experts, is one of the ten most beautiful beaches in the world. Getting to him is not easy. Even if you arrived by scooter or car, you will have to walk the last 10-20 minutes of the journey along a winding mountain path.

The Adriatic Sea - the Venetian Riviera (the prestigious resort of Lido di Jesolo, located 35 km from Venice. Lignano (50 km from Venice) is a great place for families with children. Here, in extensive park areas, there are hotels and the best children's camps in Italy, including the children's health center "Adriatic", famous for its magnificent sandy beaches and water park) Emilia-Romagna, Marche, Abruzzi, Molise, Apulia

Tyrrhenian Sea - Liguria, Tuscany, Riviera Lazio, Campania, Maratea, Calabria, Capri Island, Ischia Island

Ionian Sea - Basilicata

Malta - located on the Maltese archipelago (consists of the islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino, as well as a number of small islands) in the central Mediterranean Sea. It is part of the British Commonwealth. The capital is Valletta (La Valletta); the head of state is the English queen, she approves the governor general. The official languages ​​are Maltese and English; currency Maltese lira. The deeply indented coast of Malta forms numerous harbours, rocky bays and a few sandy beaches. There are no rivers or mountains in Malta. The climate is Mediterranean with hot dry summers and mild rainy winters; shrub vegetation predominates. The whole island of Malta resembles one huge open-air museum.NATURAL ATTRACTIONS: Dingli Cliff- giant cliffs on the south coast. Blue Grotto - This is a favorite place for tourists, caves in the rock, where turquoise sea water splashes. Gozo has Azur Window- a natural arch created by sea waves in a giant rock. In the same place, the Inland Sea is a small lake connected to the Mediterranean Sea by a narrow strait in the rock. cliffs Ta Saint- sheer cliffs, 200 meters towering above the sea. Tourist centers: Valletta one of the most beautiful cities in the Mediterranean, it is one of the few medieval fortress cities that have survived in Europe. The center of the city is the Palace of the Grand Master of the Order of Malta, which is today the residence of the President of Malta and the seat of the Maltese Parliament; here is the National Museum of Fine Arts - the largest collection of paintings in Malta. There are only 365 Catholic cathedrals in Malta, but the recognized center of the church and a real masterpiece of artistic architecture is the Cathedral of St. John, in the museum of which unique works of art are collected, and in the chapel there is the famous painting by Caravaggio “The Beheading of John the Baptist”; Church of the Shipwreck of St. Paul, Church of the Virgin Mary the Victorious. Mdina , the former capital of Malta, is a typical medieval city located in the heart of the island. The narrow winding streets and medieval houses of Mdina have survived almost unchanged to our times. Here are the Cathedral Museum, which exhibits unique works of art, including a collection of works by Durer, having a cross-shaped plan of St. Paul's Cathedral, the Museum of Torture; Catacombs of St. Agatha and St. Paul
named after the saints, the catacombs in Rabat are underground tombs from the 4th century AD. Nightlife in Malta is concentrated in Pacivil. In the evening, lovers of nightlife, discos, clubs come together. There are about 30 night discos here, and their number is constantly increasing. Gzira is not only an excellent tourist center, but also an educational one. Malta is generally known for being one of the world's centers for learning English. Gzira has a large number of study centers that accept students from all over the world. On the islands of M. and Gozo: unique megalithic cult buildings of the Neolithic era, walled cyclopean masonry and decorated with flat-relief carvings - patterns of dots and spirals (Khal-Tarshin, Mnajdra); painted ceramics, stone and terracotta figurines, marked by the influences of Western Mediterranean cultures, were found on the territory of the sanctuaries. People go to M. because of: good sea, rich excursion program, diving, no visa problems. Recently, thalassotherapy programs, which are offered by some hotels, have also become popular. The main disadvantage is that it is expensive; slow pace of life.

Vatican- the smallest independent and sovereign country in the world, is located in the very center of the Apennine Peninsula, and borders on the territory of Rome on all sides. A mild climate prevails here all year round. The average winter temperature is about five degrees. The average summer temperature is about twenty-five degrees. The landscape is predominantly hilly. There are no capitals due to the specifics of the state, as well as there are no main cities, the currency is the euro; Latin and Italian languages; theocratic monarchy, headed by the Pope. There are no permanent residents in the Vatican. The Pope of Rome, the leaders of the Roman Curia and the workers of the institutions of the Vatican live here. Vatican - one of the largest open-air museums. The territory of the Vatican, almost along the entire perimeter surrounded by medieval walls, includes religious and palace complexes, gardens, museums, art galleries and administrative buildings. Here is a real treasury of works of art and architectural monuments, relics of Christianity and unique creations of great masters. One of the main attractions is cathedral of st. Petra, built in the XV-XVII centuries. Michelangelo took part in its construction; it is the world center of Catholicism. Another famous building Vatican or Papal Palace. This complex consists of more than 1000 rooms, several chapels and museums, the papal library. The most famous chapel of the palace is the Sistine Chapel with magnificent ceiling frescoes by Michelangelo (“The Creation of Adam” and “The Expulsion from Paradise”). Raphael's rooms (papal apartments) are decorated by the famous Italian Renaissance artist Raphael. In the vicinity of Rome, the Vatican owns the cathedrals of Santa Maria Maggiore, San Paolo, as well as a number of individual palaces and villas. The summer residence of the Pope, also considered one of the masterpieces of architecture, is also located in the Castel Gandolfo castle near Rome. The palaces and museums of the Vatican contain precious works of art collected by the Roman pontiffs over the centuries. The Vatican Library has one of the richest collections of books and ancient manuscripts in the world.

I. Typology of deviants and deviant behavior. Oglyadova characteristic of different forms of deviations in children and young people

Section II: Organizational and economic characteristics of OAO Semyanskoye, Vorotynsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Region

II. Agro-exploitation characteristics of cultivation facilities

The most important component of the tourism infrastructure is the catering sector.

Meals are an integral part of any tour.

Restaurants are an important part of the tourism infrastructure, many restaurants with varied cuisine and low prices are one of the most important criteria for choosing a holiday destination.

The activity of the hotel industry is inextricably linked with catering enterprises. Catering company - a hospitality industry company specializing in the preparation of meals and drinks, serving and providing food to guests. The purpose of catering companies is to satisfy human needs for food.

The classification of catering establishments is carried out according to many criteria. Depending on the assortment, enterprises are distinguished as complex, universal, specialized.

Depending on the contingent served, enterprises can work with a permanent contingent (catering company at a hotel, sanatorium, etc.) and with a variable contingent (city restaurant).

Depending on the method of service, enterprises are distinguished in which consumers are served by waiters; self-service enterprises; mixed service businesses.

The public catering system is formed by restaurants of various classes, bars, cafes and canteens, fast food and self-service points that meet the needs of visitors to a tourist center or region.

The type of food is always indicated in the composition of tourist services: breakfast, half board, full board. Half board (two meals) may include breakfast and lunch or dinner. Boarding house - three meals a day. Expensive service options may provide for the possibility of food and drinks (including alcohol) all day and even night at any time in any quantity.

The density gradation (by quantity) and often the calorie content of the food provided and the types of services are also determined. The "A la carte" system implies the client's free choice of dishes from the menu offered by the restaurant, "table d'hot" - serving a single menu for all clients without the right to choose dishes, "buffet" - a free choice of dishes on the common table and self-service. This form of service allows you to choose food according to your taste and in the desired quantity.

There are places of accommodation in which food items are not provided. In this case, tourists are advised to eat at a nearby restaurant. At the same time, the cost of accommodation services is sharply reduced.

Catering should take into account medical aspects. Improper nutrition, poorly cooked food can lead to poisoning. Especially dangerous is drinking water and food from the hands of small traders on the street, as well as in low-class restaurants.

It should also take into account the generally accepted restrictions for certain groups of tourists on religious grounds (do not eat pork, observe fasting), special requirements for vegetarians, and baby food. Tourists must indicate these features when purchasing a tour.

The idea of ​​the food industry will be incomplete if we ignore the important direction of its work, as the organization of cultural leisure for tourists.

The catering company not only performs its direct function of preparing dishes and drinks and serving visitors, but also provides an opportunity to have fun and get vivid and unforgettable impressions.

Drinking and gastronomic tours introducing the national cuisine of different countries are especially popular with tourists. During such trips, tourists become familiar with local customs and often become participants in various folklore festivities.

Ethnographic restaurants and cafes also do not go unnoticed. In them, the national is manifested in the interior, and in the clothes of the waiters, and in the repertoire of the orchestra, and in the range of dishes and drinks offered.

Food is a tourist service associated not only with the satisfaction of a person's biological need for food, but also with the satisfaction of the need for entertainment, knowledge of local culture and enjoyment.