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Since pagan times, we have preserved the custom of baking pancakes on Shrovetide. Once it was a sacrificial bread, a gift to the god Perun and other pagan gods. With this symbol of the sun, they saw off the winter and welcomed the spring. The Orthodox Church, unable to overcome this tradition, was forced to legalize the Maslenitsa week before the beginning of Great Lent.

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What recipes for your favorite food have not been invented in the most different parts of the world! For example, the Germans and French have long preferred thin pancakes rolled into rolls with various fillings. The British came up with the idea of ​​adding local ale and malt flour to it. Mexicans have added to the pancake family with their famous tortillas, in which they wrapped bean or meat filling with tomato sauce.

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The most interesting thing is that in many European countries, pancakes were treated not only as a delicacy, but also as a kind of entertainment. According to the medieval tradition, on Sinful Tuesday (the last day before the beginning of Lent, Catholics) organized funny races, the purpose of which was to reach the finish line, tossing pancakes in the frying pans on the go (the pancake dropped out of the game). This tradition is still alive today.

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In no other country in the world was pancakes treated with such respect as in Russia. And not just with reverence, but with real reverence, turning them into a symbol of the popularly beloved Maslenitsa holiday.

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Pancakes were introduced into Russian cuisine by the conquerors - the Varangians (Vikings) in the 9th century. Since then, it has been one of the most popular products of Russian folk cuisine. There are up to a hundred of their varieties: butter, lean, red, peasant, royal, boyar.

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Pancakes with baked

This is the name of pancakes in which any food is baked.

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Pastries can be very different: cut into rings or half rings and fried until golden brown onion, chopped and lightly toasted green onions finely chopped or sliced ​​into thin slices boiled eggs, fried mushrooms, fried or boiled meat or fish, salted fish (salmon, chum salmon, etc.), stewed in sugar syrup fruits, as well as many other products to the taste of the home cook.

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I bake ruddy Russian pancakes According to the recipe of the ancient Ancestors of antiquity Knows his secret My grandmother, By inheritance is my mother, And, of course, I am Sweet, honey, with honey, with milk Sweet aromasFill the houseThree huge dishesBake pancakes, -Come for a visit - the tea is ready! Ageeva

"Crochet technology" - In the XIV-XV centuries. learned to knit hoods, hat, pants. The Legend of Arachne the Master. Equipment: But we see lace on reproductions. In fact, knitting drives away gloomy thoughts, calms, improves mood. Pay attention to the reproduction "Lacemaker". When did knitting begin? Final finishing of the product. 7th grade. Do not challenge the goddess to a competition. " The national headdress of the Scots - a knitted beret - goes back many centuries.

"Nightgown" - Models of nightgowns. Square shape cutout. Reducing the length of the product. V - shaped cutout. Coquette modeling. Technical modeling. Undershirts. Tunic. Semi-girth of the chest. Modeling a straight yoke. Half waist. Products of different styles. Great relatives. Shirts models. Nightshirt. Nightgown modeling. Requirements. Yoke. Increasing the length of the product. Change in length.

"Pancakes" - Pancakes and pancakes - swatted up the matchmakers. In no other country in the world was pancakes treated with such respect as in Russia. Damn and without oil climbs into your mouth. I. Ageeva. Hot pancakes. Pancakes. Not happy about the pancake, like a brick in the back. Since pagan times, we have preserved the custom of baking pancakes on Shrovetide. What recipes for your favorite food have not been invented in the most different parts of the world! Proverbs and sayings about pancakes. Soon only pancakes are being baked.

"Summer sets of clothes" - Trousers layout plan. Dress layout plan. Requirements for children's clothing. Patterns. Features of modeling children's clothing. Vest with buttons. Evaluating ideas. Sketch. Thinking asterisk. Details of the cut of the trousers. Manufacturing process sequence. Measurements. Models for Sonya. Economic calculations. Details of the vest cut. Ready product. Summer in the country.

"Modeling garments" - Practical work. Colour. Modeling of garments. What process is called modeling. Color combinations. Factors affecting the creation of a model of clothing. Femininity. Conditions for the formation of skills and abilities. Modeling clothes. Clothes for outdoor activities. Cognitive information. Silhouette. Writing stick.

"Lathes" - The device of a table-top horizontal milling machine. Milling. Turning tool. Safe work rules. Control of a screw-cutting lathe. The device of a desktop horizontal milling machine. The device of the screw-cutting lathe. Detail drawings. Setting up the machine. Classification of steels. Heat treatment steels. Internal surfaces. Types of turning tools. Desktop horizontal milling machine.

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Open lesson on technology with elements of theatrical pedagogy: “We bake pancakes, we meet Shrovetide.” (February 22, 2012) Teacher: Antonenko NV, GBOU Secondary School No. 45, Moscow. Lesson objectives: Development of a technological culture in schoolchildren, a culture of work and interpersonal relations, labor functional literacy, ensuring the possibility of professional self-determination. Revival of Russians national traditions, instilling patriotism among students Objectives: - to acquaint students with the traditions of Maslenitsa celebration; - teach how to bake pancakes, set the table to receive guests; - to educate neatness, hospitality; - to form an aesthetic taste. site

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Dough Yeast Non-yeast Spreading method (butter) Non-stick method (non-sticky) Butter unleavened Biscuit Puff Custard Shortbread

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FLOUR

They use wheat, rye flour, less often barley, buckwheat and corn. Nutrients: Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Minerals

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Sift through a sieve to remove lumps and random impurities, while the flour is enriched with air. This means the dough will be easier to knead and rise better.

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Dough preparation rules:

1. Do not pour flour into the liquid. 2. To improve the quality of the dough, baking powder is used, which makes the dough porous. (Yeast, baking soda, spoiled milk, sour cream, egg white).

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Repetition of the rules of safe work in the kitchen

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Table setting for "Maslenitsa"

Table setting for Shrovetide is generally very simple and unpretentious. All snacks and sauces are placed on separate dishes or bowls. A stack of pancakes is placed in the center of the table. A shallow plate is placed at the table for everyone.

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1. Designate the utensils, equipment, fixtures and tools necessary for the preparation of the dough: P - utensils; Pr. - devices; And - tools; O-equipment. - Cutting board (Ex.) - Bowl (P) - Sieve (Ex.) - Pan (P) - Mixer (O) - Beater (O) - Baking sheet (Ex) - Spatula (I) - Confectionery tongs (I) -Electric waffle iron (O) -Bake "Miracle" (O) -Glass- (P) -Ribbing (I) -Biscuit cutters (Pr) 2. Mark with the letter C- sanitary and hygienic requirements, the letter T- rules for safe work: -To avoid burns, do not touch the stove body. (T) -Wash your hands with soap and water. (C) - Do not open the oven door, observe baked goods through the sight glass. (T) -Before turning on the appliance, check the serviceability of the power cord. (T) - To work with food students with burns, cuts on their hands are not allowed. (WITH)

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3. The main products for making dough: 1) flour + 2) yeast 3) baking soda 4) sour milk 5) egg whites 6) milk + 7) kefir 8) sour cream 9) yogurt 10) sugar 11) salt 12) mayonnaise 13 ) chicken eggs + 4. Additional products for dough preparation: 1) milk 2) sugar + 3) salt + 4) sour cream 5) baking soda 6) flour 5. Baking powder: 1) sour cream + 2) chicken egg white + 3) yeast + 4) mayonnaise 5) baking soda + 6) citric acid 6. Covering the table, put an individual napkin: 1) under the plate 2) to the left of the plate 3) on the plate or to the right +

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Homework

Prepare your favorite meals at home and bring written feedback from your parents.

View all slides

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Pancakes are a Russian national dish. Completed: student of 4B CLASS MBOU "School No. 2" Kondrashina Daria

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Objectives of my research
Learn the history of this dish; Check empirically - is it difficult to bake pancakes?

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I assumed that the pancakes are national dish Russian cuisine; I find it easy to learn how to make pancakes; In my opinion, there are several technologies for making pancakes.
My research hypothesis

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Search for material. The library helped me a lot in my research. I studied encyclopedias, books, magazines, selected by the librarian on my topic. And, of course, the Internet's main assistant to modern researchers.

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Pancake (according to Dahl) is a kind of bread made from liquid dissolved dough, fried with a flat cake in a pan. Pancake (according to Ozhegov) - a thin cake made from batter baked in a pan.
What does the word "pancake" mean?

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Study
I began my research by questioning my classmates.
Do you like pancakes? Who usually cooks them in your family? Do you know the recipe for this dish?
Questions:

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Last year we attended Shrovetide last year with a class in the Engels Museum of Local Lore for a museum lesson called "Wide Maslenitsa". I learned that Ukrainians, like Russians, baked pancakes and celebrated this holiday.

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History Pancakes were introduced into Russian cuisine by the conquerors - the Varangians (Vikings) in the 9th century. Since then, it has been one of the most popular Russian folk culinary products. There are up to a hundred of their varieties: butter, lean, red, peasant, royal, boyar.

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Are pancakes baked in other countries?
Germany, France
thin pancakes rolled into rolls
Mexico
tortillas (beans, meat)
Hungary
"A la Gundel" (raisins, nuts, covered with chocolate)
USA
February 12 - Pancake Day

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In Russia, pancakes were baked from time immemorial, first from oat flour, and then from wheat, rye and even buckwheat flour. They were extremely popular in Russian home kitchen pancakes with various "baked goods": onions, mushrooms, meat, eggs, poultry. And already various fillings for the pancakes there was no count at all. Pancakes were served with butter and sour cream, caviar and salted fish, jam and cottage cheese. And today, pancakes remain one of the most beloved Russian dishes.

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Proverbs and sayings about pancakes
Damn and without oil climbs into your mouth. Pancakes and pancakes - the matchmakers are wrapped up. Where are the pancakes, here we are; where porridge with butter, Do not feed pancake, give water first. Not happy about the pancake, like a brick in the back. The first pancake is lumpy. Soon only pancakes are being baked. Dry damn throat tears ..

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Tips for making pancakes
The best dish for making pancakes is undoubtedly a cast iron pan. It was on cast iron that thin, golden, evenly baked Russian pancakes were baked from time immemorial. In order for the first, and all the other pancakes, not to turn out lumpy, the cast-iron pan must be properly prepared. Before baking pancakes, grease the pan with vegetable oil or pork fat, sprinkle generously with coarse salt and ignite the pan prepared in this way on high fire within minutes. Then let the pan cool, wipe it off, add salt again and wipe it dry with a paper towel or clean cloth. After that, grease the pan with oil or pork fat and warm it up well before baking the pancakes.

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Cooking pancakes.
One of the stages of my research was practical work - my grandmother and I baked pancakes.

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Description of the experiment. So. Let's get started. We bought all the products for pancakes: flour, milk, eggs, sugar, salt, vegetable oil.
But, of course, the main thing is to cook with soul, with love. (This is what my grandmother said, and since she cooks very tasty, I undoubtedly believe her and use her advice.)

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I break the eggs, stir, add sugar, a little salt.

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I pour milk from the bag. I stir it.

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I add flour. (I must first sift the flour) Let's use the miracle mixer technique

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The final touch is vegetable oil to make the pancakes come off well.

Technology teacher

MOU SOSH №5

Balakina Galina Ivanovna

• Damn belly will not split.
• As Ustinya is, such is her botvinya, such is Malanya, such are her pancakes.
• Where are the pancakes, then okay, where are the pancakes, here we are.

Damn the second - to friends, the third - to distant relatives,

and the fourth is for me.

• Explain to students the importance of dough products in human nutrition;
• To acquaint with the types of dough and products from it;
• Teach how to cook dough products;
• To foster aesthetic taste, attentiveness, spirituality, patriotism, revival of folk traditions;
• To instill the skills of work culture and accuracy;
• Develop performing skills and creativity.

• Learn how to bake pancakes according to various recipes.
• To foster respect for folk traditions, culture of behavior, caring attitude to the native land, interest in the continuity of traditions.

• Explanation, briefing on safety and sanitary hygiene, tasting, observation.

• Textbook, workbook, saucepan, frying pan, sieve, tablespoon, whisk, bowl, dinner plate.

• Review questions
• 1. What cereals do you know and what types of cereals are produced from them?
• 2. Why should a person's diet include dishes from cereals and pasta?
• 3. What is the role of proteins, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins?
• 4. What products, besides cereals, can be made from cereals?
• 5. What requirements should crumbly porridge satisfy?
• 6. What proverbs and sayings do you know about porridge?

• Flour is the main product in dough preparation. This nutritious powdery product is obtained by grinding wheat, rye, corn and other grains. They are the carrier of all nutrients necessary for the body: a lot of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals.
• The quality of flour is determined by its color, smell, and taste. The quality of baked products - their rise, appearance - depends on the quality of the flour. The milling industry produces flour of several varieties. Store flour in a dry, well-ventilated place.
• The scope of use of flour is very diverse: flour serves as the basis of the dough from which it is baked bakery products, culinary flour and confectionery, such dishes as dumplings, pancakes, pancakes are prepared from it.
• Before use, the flour is checked for good quality: the taste of the flour should be sweet and bland, without bitterness; flour should not have a musty foreign smell; humidity should be within normal limits.

• Pancake is a symbol of the sun, red days, good harvests, good marriages and healthy children. Damn round, like a real generous sun. He came to us from hoary antiquity, just like the Shrovetide festival itself.

Shrovetide is celebrated during the week preceding Lent. It starts 56 days before Easter. The Russian people call Maslenitsa "Honest Maslenitsa", "Wide Maslenitsa", "Merry Maslenitsa". This holiday is not religious, it just coincides with the Orthodox cheese-making week. By its beauty, poetry, traditions and mischief, Maslenitsa is one of the longest, most cheerful holidays. It symbolizes the farewell to winter and the welcome of spring.

In ancient times, farewell to winter and meeting of spring were associated with the name of Beles, the pagan god of fertility and cattle breeding. After Russia adopted Christianity, this holiday was preserved. From the xv1 century, it became known as Shrovetide. Shrovetide week precedes the "sad days" of Great Lent and is celebrated seven weeks before Easter - the Resurrection of Christ.

During Shrovetide, the Orthodox Church calls people to repentance and special abstinence in food, so that they can adequately prepare for Lent. However, Church historians note with displeasure that the time of Shrovetide has always been rather stormy. Men dressed in women's suits, women dressed in men's suits, and in general the people indulged in the most unrestrained fun, sledding downhill slides, fist fun.

Shrovetide often became similar to the Italian carnival and pagan rituals, which passed from Italy to many Christian countries.

I must say that the Russian tsars, instead of somehow reasoning with their subjects, themselves set an example for a wide Maslenitsa festival. Peter 1, for example, himself on Monday on Maslenitsa opened the celebration, swinging with his officers on a swing. The Russian tsar was generally known as an inexhaustible entertainer in folk festivities. Every winter on Maslenitsa, he arranged noisy and merry rides along the Moskva River, along the Kremlin walls from the Resurrection Gates to the Trinity Gates, where the Alexander Garden now stretches. This hillock was always seething with cheerful human commotion.

A description of the Maslenitsa masquerade of 1722, which was organized by the Russian Tsar on the occasion of the conclusion of the Neustadt Peace, has been preserved. “From the village of Vsesvyatskoye, a multitude of sea vessels of various sizes and types, about a hundred pigs harnessed by various animals, moved in a long line to the Tverskoy Triumphal Gate.

The procession was opened by a harlequin. He rode in a large sleigh, harnessed by 5 horses, decorated with bells and trinkets. Prince Zotov rode in the other sleigh, dressed in a long red velvet robe lined with ermine.

At his feet sat on a barrel Bacchus, the god of winemaking. Behind him was a retinue with a jester, who rode in a sled pulled by four pigs.

Then the procession of the fleet itself began, led by Neptune, who was sitting in a chariot with a trident in his hands. That chariot was being carried by 2 sirens.

Finally, a bulk appeared - 88 cannon ships. It had 3 masts and full shipborne armament. This ship was carried by 16 horses, and Tsar Peter the Great himself sat on it in the clothes of a naval captain and maneuvered the ship, as at sea, during the procession. Cannons fired.

Behind this ship was the gilded gondola of the Empress, who was dressed as an Ost-Frisian peasant woman. Her retinue consisted of court ladies and gentlemen, dressed in Arabic.

This whole train was rounded up by real mummers, who were dressed with wolves, cranes, dragons, donkeys and other animals. They sat in a huge long sleigh, made like a dragon's head.

Such a motley and wonderful procession through the Tverskaya Gates reached the Kremlin, with cannon shots. And in the evening there were magnificent fireworks and a feast. This carnival lasted 4 days, and all the persons participating in it changed their costumes several times ... "

Wide Shrovetide

We boast of you

We ride on the mountains

We overeat pancakes!

Shrovetide, Shrovetide,

Pancakes and baker,

Come early

Let's meet you well

Cheese, butter, and pancake

And a ruddy cake.

Pancake Eater

I fed it before lunch

And herself for the fence

All day, all day

Licked cheese and butter

And then she went out.

• In Russia, it has always been the most beloved and fun party, which was celebrated on a wide scale.
• And every day had its own name and traditions.
• It is celebrated throughout

week before

Great Lent.

"Mother-in-law's evening", "sister-in-law's gatherings"

Of course, such celebrations were rare. The people celebrated Maslenitsa mainly with festivities and pancakes. Shrovetide is so named because Russian people ate cow butter in the last week before Lent: pancakes, pancakes, pies, rolls and flat cakes were fried on it.

A comic image of Maslenitsa was carried through the streets. To do this, they took a huge sleigh, in which they sometimes harnessed up to 12 horses (and sometimes instead of horses, several people were harnessed, discharged in a lot). In the middle of the sleigh, a tall, thick log in the form of a mast was installed. At the top of this log, a wheel was fixed, on which a village boy sat down and entertained the people with various jokes and tricks. He was accompanied by musicians, and in front of the sleigh the village merry fellows and jokers jumped and sang.

Wrestling and fistfights have long been a favorite national amusement during Shrovetide. And in some provinces, on the days of the holiday, the guys certainly played the "storm of the snow town", which was so colorfully captured in his painting by the Russian artist V.L. Surikov.

The village guys were building a whole city from the snow on the river with towers and two gates, between which an ice-hole was made. All participants were divided into 2 teams - cavalry and infantry. The cavalry laid siege to the city.

The infantry defended him. It was not always easy to break through the defenders' defenses, because they were also armed with ... brooms and similar weapons. If, nevertheless, the horsemen broke through the ice gates, this meant that the snowy town was taken. The winners were bathed in an ice-hole, after which all the "warriors" were treated to wine.

The Terek Cossacks met the Shrovetide offensive with rifle fire, and everyone fired, both young and old. In the oil week, if the winter was snowy, we went for sleigh rides and dressed up as bears. The mummers could stop by any yard and take whatever they liked. Noise, laughter, fun was heard everywhere.

And, of course, there were horse races. Can't a Cossack boast of his prowess, prancing around on a dashing horse ?! During such races, the rider himself had to earn a prize for himself - get money from the ground, a tobacco pouch or a piece of chintz. All gifts for this purpose were provided by local shopkeepers. Cossacks and horse riding were arranged - young men on horses galloping at full speed showed their prowess and skill.

At the courtyards of wealthy Cossacks, tables were set up, bulls were bought with the collected money, and wine was prepared. Here they walked in "hundreds", often inviting all passers-by.

• On this day, they met Shrovetide: they made a stuffed animal from straw (it symbolized winter), decorated it and installed it on a dais.
• We rode down the high hills and watched, wondering where Vesna-Krasna would come from on the Don.
• Pancakes began to bake ...

Tuesday - "flirting"

• From Tuesday, festivities began: sleigh rides, ritual songs were sung, fairs opened, everyone invited guests to their house - the more, the better.
• On this day, it was customary to look for a “second

half. "

• Wednesday is the day on which the sons-in-law came to the mother-in-law for pancakes. In the houses, tables were laid with a variety of dishes, samovars were boiled.
• Hence the expression that has come to us through the centuries - "to the mother-in-law for pancakes." And pancakes were baked in hundreds.

• On Thursday, they sang songs, caroling, rode on triplets decorated with ribbons, organized mass festivities, horse riders' competitions, horse riding and demonstration of the ability to use a saber were especially popular on the Don, various competitions were held between young men.

• On this day, the son-in-law invited his mother-in-law to his place and regaled them with pancakes. If the son-in-law did not invite his mother-in-law, this served as a reason for eternal enmity.
• Gathered to homes and kurens, sat at the table, treated themselves to pancakes and gossip.

• On this day, the daughter-in-law invited her sister-in-law and the rest of her husband's relatives to visit her and fed her.
• Young people built snow towns, fortresses, played snowballs - winters in the old days were completely different.

• On the "forgiven Sunday", the whole world saw off Maslenitsa solemnly, a straw effigy was burned on the square, everyone asked each other for forgiveness for all the offenses caused during the year.

• Lenten pancakes, custard buckwheat pancakes, butter, peasant, boyar, royal, red (wheat), sour cream, prefabricated, wheat, oat, Guryev, fast, corn, egg, rice with cheese, potato, carrot, pumpkin, wheat lungs, wheat Slavic, pancakes with baked, stuffed, pancakes "Nezhenka", "Riddle", thin, pancakes with jam.
• Pancake loaf of 5-6 thin pancakes, poshekhonsky pancake tubes, pancake cake, deep-fried pancake pies, pancake maker.

• Before kneading the dough, the flour must be sieved through a sieve. This removes lumps and random impurities, and the flour is enriched with air.
• Do not pour flour into the liquid, from this it cakes into lumps. It is better to gradually pour the liquid into the depression in the hole, kneading the resulting mass until evenly thick.
• You need to warm up the pan well so that the pancakes can be easily removed.
• Ready pancakes need to be greased butter so that they are soft and fragrant.

Pancake recipes:

Pancakes early ripening

1 tbsp. l. Sahara

0.5 tsp salt

3 glasses of kefir

3.5 cups flour

0.5 tsp soda

Mix eggs, salt, sugar with kefir. Mix flour with baking soda, add to the mixture with kefir, stir so that no lumps form, and bake.

• Pancakes early ripening 2-3 eggs 1 tbsp. l. sugar 0.5 tsp salt 3 cups kefir 3.5 cups flour 0.5 tsp. soda Eggs, salt, sugar mix with kefir. Mix flour with baking soda, add to the mixture with kefir, stir so that no lumps form, and bake.

Pancake recipes:

Ukrainian pancakes

300 g millet

0.5 l milk

1 tbsp. l. oils

25 g yeast

2 tbsp. l. Sahara

salt to taste

Pour half a glass of milk into a saucepan, add butter, bring to a boil, add flour, brew a thick dough. Allow to cool to room temperature, then pour in the yeast diluted in warm water, cover, put in a warm place. V ready dough add mashed porridge, 2 egg yolks, whipped with sugar, salt, 2 cups of warm milk and let the dough come up. Add whipped egg whites and bake.

• Check the cord before turning on the electric stove.
• Switch on the electric stove with dry hands only.
• Take a hot pan with oven mitts.
• Turn off the electric stove after work.

Interdisciplinary connections:

Literature "Proverbs and Sayings". Natural science (1-3 grades) "Human nutrition". Biology (grade 7) " Lactic acid bacteria". Chemistry (grade 8, grade 10) "Oxidation reaction". History "Russian Holidays".

• How to knead the dough correctly:

a) pour flour into liquid;

b) add liquid to flour.

• The baking powder of the dough are:

a) yeast;

• Pancake and pancake dough can be:

a) yeast;

b) yeast-free.

• For pancakes, dough:

a) liquid;

b) thick.

• The first pancake is lumpy because:

a) the pan is very hot;

b) the pan is not hot.