overhead at a speed of 30–40 meters per second. And the flight speed of needle-tailed swifts living in eastern India, the Far East and the Baikal region reaches 170 kilometers per hour. Their flight is so swift that it is hardly possible to keep track of the movement of feathered pilots. Swifts are also interesting because the most flying birds - they can stay in the air for 2–4 years. During this time, they do everything in the air: they sleep, drink, eat, bathe, collect building materials and bedding for the nest (fluff, dry blades of grass, lifted by the wind). A young swift that has risen covered flies 500,000 kilometers before landing for the first time. No wonder they say: swifts are “children of the air.” Swifts are truly aces of the sky. But still, the peregrine falcon is the fastest living creature on the planet. During the hunt, the peregrine falcon plans in the sky, looking for a prey. Having found the prey, it gains height and rapidly dives down, hitting it with paws folded and pressed to the body. The peak speed of the peregrine falcon reaches 300 kilometers per hour. Another air record holder is the golden eagle. In search of food, the golden eagle soars for a long time high in the ascending currents of warm air. It easily controls the flight even with very strong gusts of wind. Berkut has sharp eyesight. So, for example, he sees a small hare at a distance of up to 2 kilometers. Having noticed the victim, the golden eagle dives after it, while its speed can reach 270 kilometers per hour.1 Albatrosses can develop considerable speed. These huge oceanic birds soaring above the water, in windy weather, often become companions of ships on the high seas. For flight, the albatross uses not so much the strength of its muscles as the wind jets. Without moving, but only shaking its wings, the albatross easily overtakes the ship, overtakes it, describes wide arcs around it. Skillfully soaring in ascending air currents and streams of tailwind, these eternal wanderers of the sea are able to make huge air travels, covering a distance of 80 kilometers in an hour.

Which of the following styles would you classify as read text? Mark the correct answer in your opinion. 1 Business 2 Non-fiction l3 Conversational 4 Artistic
2 Find in the text a sentence describing the actions that the peregrine falcon does when it notices the victim. 1) Write down this sentence. 2) Find nouns in the written sentence. Determine the case and write at the top.
3 Find in the fourth paragraph one example for each of the spellings indicated in the table, and fill in the table. Underline spellings. Name of spelling (Spelling of vowels and, a, y after hissing) "Checked unstressed vowels at the root of the word" * Spelling of paired consonants * / Spelling of vowels in prefixes /

4 The student for the word Soars in the sentence “In search of food, the golden eagle soars for a long time in the ascending currents of warm air” Picked up a test word: PAR. Did the student do the right thing? Explain your answer.

9 compose and write down a story from 3-4 sentences about what you learned new about the life of swifts.

10 How do you think ocean pollution affects the albatross?

Thanks in advance to those who help me in this test I will be very grateful

In this article I would like to touch on, albeit not for everyone, but an important topic. Experienced housewives, most likely, will not need this article, because their recipes have been verified over the years, but young housewives will come in very handy, especially considering that accuracy is very important for cooking in a technique (slow cooker, bread machine).

Therefore, we decided to collect and combine in this article various tables of measures and weights.

But before we start, I would like to make an important clarification about the dishes that we usually use as a measuring instrument.

Nowadays, teaspoons, tablespoons, and glasses have become very different in shape and size, so it is important to decide that the measures indicated in the tables below will be indicative.

How can you measure the weight of products?

• scales
• steelyard
• measuring cup
• measuring spoon (jug) with electronic scales
• teaspoon
• table spoon
• faceted glass
• thin-walled glass
• a special set of measuring spoons (even in Fix Price you can buy)

Also, in connection with the above problem of “different dishes”, at the beginning I would like to give general rules for measuring products.

Rules for using home weight measures

• Fill the glasses with liquid to the very brim.
• Usually in cooking, two types of glasses are used for measuring: faceted (200 ml) and thin-walled (250 ml)
• We apply viscous and thick mixtures, for example, honey, jam, with a spoon, so that there are no free cavities. For the same reason, we put the flour with a spoon, and do not pour it out of the bag, otherwise cavities form in the glass
• Another caveat for flour - do not weigh it after sifting, it will be much lighter
• Bulk products pour with a slide
• Watch the quality of the products, raw salt and sugar will be much heavier, but expired sour cream is easier

If there are no scales, glasses - what to do?

If you do not have a kitchen scale and it so happened that there is no faceted or thin glass either, you need to take any container and measure it with the help of spoons, they will definitely be found in the kitchen. Compare the volume of the product in a spoon with grams in the tables below and fill your container, which later will serve as your guide.

1 tablespoon	Product type	Spoon without slide	Heaped spoon
1 tablespoon	flour	20 grams	30 grams
1 tablespoon	sugar	13 grams	26 grams
1 tablespoon	powdered sugar	14 grams	28 grams
1 tablespoon	fine salt	20 grams	25 grams
1 tablespoon	soda	22 grams	28 grams
1 tablespoon	rice	20 grams	25 grams
1 tablespoon	coffee	15 grams	20 grams
1 tablespoon	honey	25 grams	30 grams
1 tablespoon	dry yeast)	8 grams	11 grams
1 tablespoon	cocoa	20 grams	25 grams
1 tablespoon	cinnamon	15 grams	20 grams
1 tablespoon	gelatin (granules)	10 grams	15 grams
1 tablespoon	citric acid	12 grams	16 grams
1 tablespoon	water	18 grams
1 tablespoon	vinegar	18 grams
1 tablespoon	milk	18 grams
1 tablespoon	vegetable oil	16 grams

How many grams in a teaspoon

1 teaspoon	Product type	Spoon without slide	Heaped spoon
1 teaspoon	flour	9 grams	12 grams
1 teaspoon	sugar	5 grams	8 grams
1 teaspoon	powdered sugar	10 grams	13 grams
1 teaspoon	fine salt	7 grams	10 grams
1 teaspoon	soda	7 grams	10 grams
1 teaspoon	rice	5 grams	8 grams
1 teaspoon	coffee	4 grams	7 grams
1 teaspoon	honey	10 grams	12 grams
1 teaspoon	dry yeast)	2.5 grams	3 grams
1 teaspoon	cocoa	6 grams	9 grams
1 teaspoon	cinnamon	5 grams	8 grams
1 teaspoon	gelatin (granules)	5 grams	8 grams
1 teaspoon	citric acid	5 grams	8 grams
1 teaspoon	water	5 grams
1 teaspoon	vinegar	5 grams
1 teaspoon	milk	5 grams
1 teaspoon	vegetable oil	5 grams

How many grams in a glass

Nowadays, there is a huge variety of glasses, but in cooking, as a rule, a faceted glass is taken as the basis, so the faceted glass will be indicated in the gram table below.

1 faceted glass	Product type	grams
1 glass	water	200 grams
1 glass	vegetable oil	180 grams
1 glass	ghee	190 grams
1 glass	cream	210 grams
1 glass	flour	130 grams
1 glass	Sahara	190 grams
1 glass	salt	200 grams
1 glass	rice	190 grams
1 glass	honey	280 grams

Measuring charts of various products

Measured table of bulk products

Product name	Faceted glass - 200 ml (g)	Thin glass - 250 ml (g)
FLOUR AND CEREALS
Wheat flour	130	160	20	10
Semolina	150	200	16	4
Buckwheat	170	200	20	5
Pearl barley	200	230	23	6
Millet groats	190	225	20	5
Groats	190	225	20	5
oatmeal	130	170	18	5
Corn grits	145	180	20	6
Oatmeal (Hercules)	70	90	12	3
OTHER BULK PRODUCTS
Peas	190	230	20	5
Gelatin	————	————	15	5
Starch	130	160	30	10
Coffee	————	————	20	10
Cocoa	————	————	15	5
Lemon acid	250	300	30	10
Poppy	125	155	15	5
Baking powder	————	————	15	5
Rice	180	240	30	10
Powdered sugar	140	190	24	8
Fine salt	320	400	30	10
Sugar (sugar)	160	200	25	7
Soda	160	200	28	12
Beans	190	230	20	————
Lentils	190	210	————	————

Measuring table of liquid and pasty products

Product name	Faceted glass - 200 ml	Glass thin - 250 ml
Jam	270	325	35	15
Water	200	250	15	5
Yogurt	250	————	20	10
Kefir, ryazhenka	250	————	18	6
Mayonnaise	260	————	25	8
Honey	————	————	21	17
Milk	200	250	15	5
Liquor	————	———-	20	7
Vegetable oil	————	————	17	5
Cream	200	250	15	5
Sour cream	210	260	25	10
Condensed milk	————	————	30	12
Butter melted butter	————	————	25	8
Soy sauce	230	————	21	7
tomato paste	————	————	30	10
table vinegar	200	250	15	5

How many milliliters of liquid are in a spoon or glass?

• How many ml in a tablespoon? In a tablespoon 15 ml = 3 teaspoons
• How many ml in a teaspoon? In a teaspoon 5 ml
• How many ml are in a dessert spoon? In a dessert spoon 10 ml = 2 teaspoons
• How many ml in a faceted glass? In a faceted glass 200 ml
• How many ml in a tea (thin) glass? In a tea glass 250 ml

Measured table of berries, fruits, dried fruits

Product name	Faceted glass - 200 ml	Glass thin - 250 ml
Peanut	140	175	25	8
Cowberry	110	140	20	————
Cherry	130	165	————	————
Walnut	130	165	30	10
Blueberry	160	200	25	———-
Blackberry	150	190	30	———-
Raisin	155	190	25	7
pine nut	110	140	10	4
Strawberry	120	150	25	———-
Cranberry	115	145	25	———-
Gooseberry	165	210	35	————
Raspberry	145	180	30	———-
Almond	130	160	30	10
Sunflower seeds	135	170	25	8
Black currant	125	155	25	8
Red currants	140	175	30	10
Pumpkin seeds	95	125	20	7
Hazelnut	130	160	30	10
Fresh blueberries	160	200	35	———
Dried blueberries	110	130	15	———-
Rosehip dried	———-	———	20	7

8 White cabbage from 1500 Potato (medium size) 100 Lemon 50-70 Onion (medium size) 75 Carrot (medium) 75 Cucumber (medium) 100 Peach 85 Tomato 75 Radish 20 radish 170 Turnip 85 Plum 30 Apple 90 Egg C0 55-60 Egg C1 50-55 Egg C2 40-45 Egg yolk 20 Egg white 30

Foreign measures of weight

My husband and I often like to look at foreign food sites and take some recipe into service, but there is a small snag - they have different weight measures. For example, in addition to quarts, pints and ounces, they do not measure with glasses, instead they use cups, which, you see, is not familiar to us and cannot be compared with the volume of our glass. Therefore, we present foreign measures of weight.

1 cup 280 ml 1 tsp (1 tsp) 6 ml 1 tbsp (1 tbsp) 17 ml 1 pint (1 pint) 570 ml 1 quart (1 qt, qwart) 1100 ml

Measures of weight

1 ounce	28.3 g
1 pound	450 g

Below, all tables are presented in a Word file, which you can download and print only the plates you need.

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Trade name of the drug:
Alpha tocopherol acetate

International non-proprietary or grouping name:
Vitamin E

Dosage form:
oily solution for oral administration.

Compound

Alpha-tocopherol acetate - 50 g, 100 g and 300 g;

sunflower oil (refined deodorized sunflower oil) - up to 1 liter.

Description:
transparent oily liquid from light yellow to dark yellow color without rancid odor. A greenish tint is allowed.

Pharmacotherapeutic group: vitamin

ATH CODE:[A11HA03]

Pharmacological properties

Pharmachologic effect. A fat-soluble vitamin whose function remains unclear. As an antioxidant, it inhibits the development of free radical reactions, prevents the formation of peroxides that damage cellular and subcellular membranes, which is important for the development of the body, the normal function of the nervous and muscular systems. Together with selenium, it inhibits the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (a component of the microsomal electron transport system), and prevents erythrocyte hemolysis. It is a cofactor of some enzyme systems.

Pharmacokinetics. Absorption from the duodenum (requires the presence of bile salts, fats, normal pancreatic function) -50-80%. It binds to blood beta-lipoproteins. If protein metabolism is disturbed, transport is hindered. The time required to reach the maximum concentration (TCmax) is 4 hours. It is deposited in all organs and tissues, especially in adipose tissue. Penetrates through the placenta in insufficient quantities: 20-30% of the concentration in the mother's blood penetrates into the blood of the fetus. Penetrates into breast milk.

Metabolized in the liver to derivatives with a quinone structure (some of them have vitamin activity). It is excreted in the bile - more than 90% (a certain amount is reabsorbed and subjected to enterohepatic circulation), by the kidneys - 6% (in the form of tocoferonic acid glucuronides and its gamma-lactone).

It is excreted slowly, especially in premature and newborns, in whom its accumulation is possible.

Indications for use

Hypovitaminosis E and increased need of the body for vitamin E (including in newborns, premature or low birth weight, in young children with insufficient intake of vitamin E from food, with peripheral neuropathy, necrotizing myopathy, abetalipoproteinemia, gastrectomy, chronic cholestasis , cirrhosis of the liver, atresia of the biliary tract, obstructive jaundice, celiac disease, tropical sprue, Crohn's disease, malabsorption, with parenteral nutrition, pregnancy (especially with multiple pregnancies), nicotine addiction, drug addiction, during lactation, when taking cholestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils and iron-containing products, when prescribing a diet with a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids).

Newborns with low body weight: to prevent the development of hemolytic anemia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, complications of retrolental fibroplasia.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity.

Carefully

Hypoprothrombinemia (against the background of vitamin K deficiency - may increase with a dose of vitamin E more than 400 IU).

Dosage and administration

Prevention of hypovitaminosis E.

Adults and children over 10 years old: men - 10 mg / day (10 drops of a 50 mg / ml solution, 5 drops of a 100 mg / ml solution or 2 drops of a 300 mg / ml solution), women - 8 mg / day (8 drops of a 50 mg / ml solution, 4 drops of a 100 mg / ml solution or 1 drop of a 300 mg / ml solution), pregnant women - 10 mg / day (10 drops of a 50 mg / ml solution, 5 drops of a 100 mg / ml solution or 2 drops of a solution of 300 mg / ml), nursing mothers - 11-12 mg / day (11-12 drops of a solution of 50 mg / ml, 5-6 drops of a solution of 100 mg / ml or 2 drops of a solution of 300 mg / ml); children under 3 years - 3-6 mg / day (3-6 drops of a solution of 50 mg / ml, 2-3 drops of a solution of 100 mg / ml or 1 drop of a solution of 300 mg / ml), 3-10 years - 7 mg / day (7 drops of 50 mg/ml solution, 3 drops of 100 mg/ml solution or 1 drop of 300 mg/ml solution).

Doses and duration of treatment for hypovitaminosis E are individual and depend on the severity of the condition.

It should be taken into account that 1 drop of a solution of 50-100-300 mg / ml from an eye dropper contains about 1, 2 and 6.5 mg of tocopherol acetate, respectively.

Side effect

Allergic reactions.

Overdose

Symptoms: when taken for a long period in doses of 400 - 800 IU / day (1 mg = 1.21 IU) - blurred vision, dizziness, headache, nausea, extreme fatigue, diarrhea, gastralgia, asthenia; when taking more800 IU / day for a long period - an increase in the risk of bleeding in patients with hypovitaminosis K, impaired metabolism of thyroid hormones, sexual dysfunction, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolism.

Treatment is symptomatic, drug withdrawal, administration of glucocorticosteroids.

Interaction with other drugs

When used together, it facilitates absorption, deposition in the liver, assimilation and reduces the toxicity of vitamin A.

Prescribing vitamin E in high doses can cause vitamin A deficiency in the body.

Reduces vitamin D toxicity.

Simultaneous use of vitamin E at a dose of more than 400 IU / day with anticoagulants (coumarin and indandione derivatives) increases the risk of hypoprothrombinemia and bleeding.

Colestyramine, colestipol, mineral oils reduce the absorption of vitamin E.

High doses of iron increase oxidative processes in the body, which increases the need for vitamin E.

special instructions

According to the approved norms of physiological needs for energy and nutrients for various groups of the population of the Russian Federation from 2008, the need for vitamin E for children: up to 6 months - 3 mg, from 6 months to 3 years - 4 mg, from 3 to 7 years - 7 mg, from 7 to 11 years old - 10 mg, from 11 to 14 years old - 12 mg, from 14 to 18 years old - 15 mg. Adults - 15 mg / kg, pregnant women - 17 mg / day, nursing mothers - 19 mg / day. The maximum daily intake is 300 mg / day.

Tocopherols are found in the green parts of plants, especially in young cereal sprouts; large amounts of tocopherols are found in vegetable oils (sunflower, cottonseed, corn, peanut, soybean, sea buckthorn). Some of them are found in meat, fat, eggs, milk.

It should be borne in mind that in newborns with low body weight, hypovitaminosis E may occur due to the low permeability of the placenta (the blood of the fetus contains only 20-30% of vitamin E from its concentration in the mother's blood).

A diet high in selenium and sulfur-containing amino acids reduces the need for vitamin E.

In the routine administration of vitamin E to newborns, the benefit should be weighed against the potential risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.

Currently, the effectiveness of vitamin E is considered unreasonable in the treatment and prevention of the following diseases: beta-thalassemia, cancer, fibrocystic breast dysplasia, inflammatory skin diseases, hair loss, recurrent miscarriage, heart disease, "intermittent" claudication, postmenopausal syndrome , infertility, peptic ulcer, sickle cell anemia, burns, porphyria, neuromuscular conduction disorders, thrombophlebitis, impotence, bee stings, senile lentigo, bursitis, diaper dermatitis, pulmonary intoxication due to air pollution, atherosclerosis, aging. The use of vitamin E to increase sexual activity is considered unproven.

To perform some actions with these units of measurement, it is necessary to understand their mathematical and physical essence, be able to apply the simplest formulas and use tables.

We offer to go all the way to calculating the mass with us and finally find out how many grams are in a milliliter and vice versa.

Concepts of mass units

What is a gram? This is a unit of mass, equal to a thousandth of a kilogram. In the chain of units for measuring body weight, it looks like this: 1 milligram → 1 gram → 1 kilogram → 1 centner → 1 ton.

Each subsequent unit of measurement in the metric system is 1000 times larger than the previous one.

What is a milliliter? This is a unit of volume, named after a manufacturer of glass containers named Litre.

1 milliliter (1 cube) → 1 liter → 1 cu.

Each subsequent unit of measurement is 1000 times larger. A cube with an edge of 1 cm is a model of 1 cm 3 \u003d 1 ml, 1 dm 3 \u003d 1 l, 1 m 3 \u003d 1 cube.

Volumes of liquids are measured in milliliters, liters. But in cooking, bulk and liquid products are often used, the volume of which is conveniently measured by containers for liquids. The term cube is used in medicine when dosing injections.

How many grams in one milliliter: formulas to help

To make the problem clear - how many grams are in a milliliter - one must turn to the concept of the density of a substance. All substances in nature have different densities.

This value is denoted by the letter p. It is equal to the ratio of a unit of mass to a unit of volume:

Note: in everyday life we ​​find the mass with the help of scales. But in physics, weight and mass are not the same thing.

Weight is the force with which an object presses on a support, it depends on the force of gravity. Mass is the amount of matter.

If the force of gravity changes (for example, on the Moon, in space - weightlessness), then the mass will remain the same, but the weight will change. Therefore, the mass per unit volume for different substances is not the same.

Why approximately? Because any measurements have inaccuracies (errors).

Conclusion: 1 g of water is placed in 1 ml of volume. Accordingly, 100 grams of water is 100 milliliters. For all other substances, this equality will not be valid.

For example, if you fill a glass with sugar, the volume will be 250 ml, but the mass (use the scales) is no longer 250 g, but only 200 g. 1 glass of water, 1 glass of milk, 1 glass of sugar, 1 glass of sunflower oil - they will all be have different weights.

Conclusion: 1 g of any substance, except water, occupies a volume not equal to 1 ml (the exception is substances with the same density as water).

How many milliliters are in one gram?

For milk:

For flour:

The following information will be no less useful. Learn how to measure the ingredients you need without a scale.

Love to cook eggs? No wonder, because they are tasty, easy to prepare and often help out many people on the planet, especially for breakfast. various methods of boiling soft-boiled eggs are described. Surprise loved ones!

Is it possible to lose weight with baking soda? Is it dangerous for the body? There are answers to these questions in Yet such an unconventional method of weight loss should be approached with the utmost care.

We calculate the mass of products

m=ϸV; mass = density × volume.

Values ​​for liquids:

• 1ml of water weighs 1g; 100 ml of water weighs 100 g;
• 1 ml of milk weighs 1.03 g/ml × 1 ml ≈ 1.03 g;
• 100 ml of milk weighs ≈103g;
• 200 ml of milk weighs ≈206g;
• 300 ml of milk weighs ≈309g;
• 500 ml of milk weighs ≈515g;
• 1l \u003d 1000 ml of milk weighs ≈1030g.

Meanings for flour:

• 1ml of flour weighs 0.57g/ml × 1ml≈0.57g;
• 100 ml of flour weighs ≈57g;
• 200 ml of flour weighs ≈114g;
• 300 ml of flour weighs ≈171g;
• 500 ml of flour weighs ≈285g;
• 1l \u003d 1000 ml of flour weighs ≈570g.

Each time you do not have to calculate the values ​​​​if you use the weight measurement table.

Products (cereals and others)	Density (g/l)	Volume of 1kg products (ml)	Weight (g) in a glass (250ml)	Weight in a tablespoon (g)	Weight in a teaspoon (g)
Buckwheat	800	1250	200	24	7
Rice	915	1100	228	24	8
Barley	918	1100	230	25	8
barley	915	1100	228	20	6
corn	720	1400	180	20	6
oatmeal	675	1470	170	18	5
semolina	800	1250	200	25	8
Millet	875	1140	220	24	8
Beans	880	1140	220	-	-
Peas	915	1110	228	-	-
Starch	800	1250	200	25	10
Wheat flour	570	1750	143	23	7
Sugar	800	1250	200	25	10
Salt	1300	770	325	30	12
Tomato juice	1000	1000	250	-	-
tomato paste	1060	950	265	30	10
Tomato puree	895	1140	220	25	8
Whole milk	1030	970	258	18	5
Cream (20%)	998	1000	250	18	5
Sour cream (30%)	998	1000	250	25	10
Raisin	-	-	190	25	-
Almond	-	-	160	30	10
Peanut	-	-	175	25	8
Hazelnut	-	-	170	30	10
Powdered sugar	-	-	180	25	8
Powdered milk	-	-	120	20	8
Egg powder	-	-	100	25	9

All data in the table is approximate. In addition, the weight of products and other substances depends on the moisture content of the product, possible compaction during measurements.

The volume depends on the temperature. All data were taken at room temperature.

Products	(d) in a tablespoon	(d) in a teaspoon
Ghee butter	19	5
Cottage cheese	17	5
Margarine	16	4
Mayonnaise	16	4
Smalets	19	5
Condensed milk	28	11
Vegetable oil	20	5
Honey	30	9
Lemon acid	20	10
Gelatin powder	15	5
Cocoa	20	8
Coffee	24	10
Soda	28	12
Poppy	9	3

The volume of one tablespoon is approximately equal to 14.8 ml. Bulk products in a spoon are taken with a mountain. The accuracy of the measurement data is sufficient for cooking recipes.

If you have to measure with a faceted glass, then it contains 250 ml, and 200 ml along the rim. The mass of the empty glass is 173 g.

To calculate products that are not included in the tables, you can use the calculator on the Internet, choosing the cubic centimeter (milliliter) option and the product whose weight you want to look for.

It's good to have a kitchen scale. Then you can weigh the tare separately, and then together with the product, subtracting the tare weight, we get the weight of the product.

1 faceted glass (250 ml) is equal in volume to 18 tablespoons and 65 teaspoons (for liquids).

Interestingly, there are old units of volume, which almost no one remembers. Cubic vershok = 87.824 ml, cubic foot = 28.3168 liters, cubic inch = 16.3870 ml, bucket = 12.2994 liters, damask = 1/10 bucket = 1.22994 liters, cup = 1/100 bucket = 122.994 ml , for bulk products, a quarter \u003d 0.209909 m 3 was used, a quarter \u003d 0.262387 m 3, garnz \u003d 3.27984 l.

Here are some interesting calculations. We hope we have answered your question. We wish you good luck and thank you for your attention!

Finally, we suggest watching a video that shows the values ​​​​of grams and milliliters for a teaspoon, a tablespoon and a faceted glass: